Dietary Assessment Flashcards

Which biomarker is used to validate protein intake reported on dietary assessment tools?

Answer: 24-hour urinary nitrogen

24-hour urinary nitrogen output is a reliable biomarker for verifying dietary protein intake because urinary urea nitrogen reflects protein catabolism.

A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is BEST suited for which of the following research purposes?

Answer: Ranking individuals by dietary exposure in epidemiological studies

FFQs are designed to rank individuals by long-term dietary patterns and are widely used in large-scale epidemiological research.

Attenuation bias in nutrition research refers to which phenomenon?

Answer: Underestimation of diet-disease associations due to measurement error

Measurement error in dietary assessment attenuates (weakens) observed associations between diet and disease outcomes toward the null.

When assessing dietary intake in an elderly patient with cognitive decline, which method is MOST appropriate?

Answer: Proxy-assisted 24-hour dietary recall

Proxy-assisted recalls involve a caregiver or family member providing dietary information, which improves accuracy when the patient cannot self-report reliably.

The 'flat slope syndrome' in dietary assessment describes a situation where:

Answer: High consumers under-report and low consumers over-report

Flat slope syndrome describes regression to the mean in dietary reporting, where high consumers under-report and low consumers over-report, compressing the true distribution.

Which of the following is a key advantage of the diet history method compared to a 24-hour recall?

Answer: Captures usual dietary patterns over a longer time period

The diet history interview captures habitual dietary patterns over weeks or months, providing a broader picture of usual intake than a single-day recall.

A registered dietitian is comparing nutrient intake data to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Which DRI value is used to assess the adequacy of an individual's diet?

Answer: Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

The RDA meets the needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals and is used as the target for individual intake assessment.