Interventional Procedures Flashcards

What is the primary purpose of balloon angioplasty during a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?

Answer: To dilate a narrowed or obstructed coronary artery

Balloon angioplasty is a crucial component of a PCI, primarily aimed at restoring blood flow through a narrowed or obstructed coronary artery. A balloon-tipped catheter is inflated at the site of the blockage, compressing plaque against the artery walls. This mechanical dilation widens the vessel lumen, improving blood supply to the heart.

Which type of stent is designed to slowly release medication to prevent restenosis?

Answer: Drug-eluting stent (DES)

Drug-eluting stents (DES) are specifically engineered to prevent restenosis, which is the re-narrowing of an artery after stent placement. These stents are coated with a polymer that slowly releases anti-proliferative medications into the vessel wall. This medication inhibits the growth of smooth muscle cells, thereby reducing the formation of scar tissue and maintaining the artery's patency.

In a coronary intervention, what is the purpose of using an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT)?

Answer: To visualize the coronary artery walls and assess stent deployment

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are advanced imaging modalities used during coronary interventions to provide high-resolution views of the artery's interior. They allow operators to precisely visualize plaque characteristics, measure vessel dimensions, and confirm optimal stent deployment and expansion. This detailed assessment helps ensure procedural success and minimize complications.

During a peripheral vascular intervention, which complication involves the development of a channel between an artery and a vein?

Answer: Arteriovenous fistula

An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is an abnormal connection that forms directly between an artery and a vein, bypassing the capillary bed. In peripheral vascular interventions, this can be a complication resulting from inadvertent injury during the procedure, creating a direct channel between these vessels. This altered blood flow can lead to various clinical consequences.

Which anticoagulant is commonly administered during percutaneous coronary interventions to prevent clot formation?

Answer: Heparin

Heparin is a fast-acting anticoagulant commonly administered during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to prevent blood clot formation. Given the risk of thrombus generation when manipulating coronary arteries, heparin helps maintain blood fluidity. It works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin, which inhibits several key clotting factors, thus reducing the risk of ischemic events.