Hemodynamics Flashcards

What is the primary purpose of measuring the mean arterial pressure (MAP) during invasive hemodynamic monitoring?

Answer: To evaluate the adequacy of perfusion to vital organs

The primary purpose of measuring Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) during invasive hemodynamic monitoring is to evaluate the adequacy of perfusion to vital organs. MAP represents the average pressure driving blood through the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle. It is a critical indicator of whether organs are receiving sufficient blood flow and oxygen.

Which of the following factors directly affects cardiac output (CO)?

Answer: Heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)

Cardiac output (CO) is directly affected by heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV). The formula for cardiac output is CO = HR x SV. Heart rate is the number of beats per minute, and stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each beat, making them the two direct determinants of the total blood pumped per minute.

During a right heart catheterization, an increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) may indicate which of the following conditions?

Answer: Mitral stenosis

During a right heart catheterization, an increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) may indicate mitral stenosis. Mitral stenosis obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, causing blood to back up into the left atrium and subsequently into the pulmonary veins and capillaries. This elevated pressure is reflected as an increased PCWP.

What is the formula for calculating systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

Answer: SVR = (MAP - CVP) / CO

The formula for calculating Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) is SVR = (MAP - CVP) / CO. This formula calculates the resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation by dividing the pressure gradient (Mean Arterial Pressure minus Central Venous Pressure) by the Cardiac Output. SVR is a key indicator of afterload on the left ventricle.

What hemodynamic parameter is directly measured by a Swan-Ganz catheter during a right heart catheterization?

Answer: Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)

Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) is the hemodynamic parameter directly measured by a Swan-Ganz catheter during a right heart catheterization. The Swan-Ganz catheter, also known as a pulmonary artery catheter, is advanced through the right side of the heart into the pulmonary artery to obtain direct pressure readings from the pulmonary circulation.