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Mathematical & Numerical Reasoning Flashcards

6 cards from real Ramsay Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A machine's output rate increases by 15% in the first month and then decreases by 12% in the second month. What is the net percentage change compared to the original rate?

    Answer: 1.2% increase

    You cannot simply subtract the percentages. The correct method is to multiply the factors: 1.15 × 0.88 = 1.012, which represents a 1.2% net increase. Subtracting 15% − 12% = 3% is the common mistake — it ignores that the 12% decrease applies to the already-increased value, not the original.

  2. A gear train has three meshing gears in series. Gear A has 24 teeth and spins at 180 RPM. It drives Gear B, which has 36 teeth. Gear B drives Gear C, which has 18 teeth. What is the rotational speed of Gear C?

    Answer: 240 RPM

    Speed is inversely proportional to tooth count. Gear B speed = 180 × (24/36) = 120 RPM. Gear C speed = 120 × (36/18) = 240 RPM. Each gear ratio is applied in sequence. A common error is to apply a single overall ratio of 24/18 directly to 180 RPM, which ignores how intermediate gears transmit motion.

  3. A technician must blend 80 lbs of an alloy containing exactly 35% copper. She has stock alloy A at 20% copper and stock alloy B at 50% copper. How many pounds of alloy B (50% copper) should she use?

    Answer: 40 lbs

    Set x = lbs of the 50% alloy; (80 − x) = lbs of the 20% alloy. The copper equation is: 0.50x + 0.20(80 − x) = 0.35 × 80 → 0.50x + 16 − 0.20x = 28 → 0.30x = 12 → x = 40 lbs. Note that the answer is exactly the midpoint because 35% is midway between 20% and 50%.

  4. A pump transfers fluid at 45 gallons per minute. Approximately how many cubic feet of fluid does it move in one hour? (Use: 1 gallon ≈ 0.1337 cubic feet)

    Answer: 361.0 cu ft

    First convert the rate to gallons per hour: 45 gal/min × 60 min/hr = 2,700 gal/hr. Then convert to cubic feet: 2,700 × 0.1337 ≈ 361.0 cu ft. A frequent error is forgetting to convert minutes to hours before multiplying by the conversion factor, yielding the distractor 36.1 cu ft.

  5. A production line runs at 120 units/hour. A mechanical fault drops efficiency to 75% for the first 3 hours; it then recovers to 90% for the following 5 hours. What is the total output over the full 8-hour period?

    Answer: 810 units

    Calculate each segment separately. First 3 hours: 120 × 0.75 × 3 = 270 units. Next 5 hours: 120 × 0.90 × 5 = 540 units. Total: 270 + 540 = 810 units. Using a single blended efficiency for the whole period (a common shortcut) gives an incorrect result because the time-weighted average is not 82.5%.

  6. Machines A, B, and C can each complete the same job independently in 4 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours respectively. If all three machines run simultaneously, how long will it take to finish one job?

    Answer: 2 hours

    Add the individual rates: 1/4 + 1/6 + 1/12 = 3/12 + 2/12 + 1/12 = 6/12 = 1/2 job per hour. Time = 1 ÷ (1/2) = 2 hours. A common error is averaging the times (4+6+12)/3 = 7.3 hours, which is the wrong operation. Another trap is adding only two of the three machines by mistake.