Aviation Weather and Meteorology Flashcards

What weather phenomenon is associated with a rapidly rising cumulus cloud with a dark base and anvil-shaped top?

Answer: Cumulonimbus

A cumulonimbus cloud with an anvil-shaped top indicates a fully developed thunderstorm with severe hazards to aviation.

What is the primary cause of wind shear near the ground?

Answer: Temperature inversion

A temperature inversion traps cold air near the ground and creates a sharp boundary where wind speed and direction can change dramatically.

What is the dewpoint?

Answer: The temperature at which air becomes saturated and condensation begins

The dewpoint is the temperature at which air becomes saturated (100% relative humidity), causing condensation or fog to form.

What type of fog forms when warm, moist air moves over a cooler surface?

Answer: Advection fog

Advection fog forms when warm, moist air is transported horizontally over a cooler surface, cooling the air to its dewpoint.

What wind condition is associated with a mountain wave?

Answer: Strong winds blowing perpendicular to a mountain ridge

Mountain waves form when strong winds blow perpendicular (across) a mountain ridge, creating wave oscillations on the leeward side.

What is the standard lapse rate of temperature in the atmosphere?

Answer: 2°C per 1,000 feet

The standard lapse rate is approximately 2°C (3.5°F) per 1,000 feet of altitude gain in the standard atmosphere.