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Pharmacology & Therapeutics Flashcards

6 cards from real PSI practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Pharmacology & Therapeutics flashcards as text

  1. Which inhaler technique is most important for pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs)?

    Answer: Slow, deep inhalation coordinated with actuation

    Slow, deep inhalation coordinated with actuation maximises drug deposition in the lower airways. Fast inhalation causes impaction in the oropharynx, and a 10-second breath-hold improves deposition.

  2. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index. Which interaction significantly increases its toxicity risk?

    Answer: Ciprofloxacin inhibits CYP1A2, raising theophylline levels

    Ciprofloxacin is a strong CYP1A2 inhibitor. Theophylline is metabolised by CYP1A2; co-administration can double plasma levels, causing nausea, arrhythmias and seizures.

  3. Insulin glargine differs from human insulin because it:

    Answer: Has a prolonged, peakless action lasting ~24 hours

    Glargine has substitutions that create microcrystals at physiological pH, releasing insulin slowly with no pronounced peak — ideal as once-daily basal insulin.

  4. Which antiplatelet drug requires hepatic activation by CYP2C19 to exert its effect?

    Answer: Clopidogrel

    Clopidogrel is a prodrug requiring CYP2C19-mediated activation. Poor metabolisers of CYP2C19 have reduced antiplatelet effect, increasing cardiovascular risk.

  5. Serotonin syndrome is most likely when combining an SSRI with which other drug?

    Answer: Linezolid (MAO inhibitor)

    Linezolid inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), reducing serotonin breakdown. Combined with an SSRI, serotonin accumulates, causing hyperthermia, clonus, agitation and autonomic instability.

  6. Which class of drug is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used in type 2 diabetes?

    Answer: Semaglutide

    Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying and reduces appetite.