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Nutrition & Dietary Management Flashcards

7 cards from real PSB-RN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which vitamin is primarily synthesized in the human skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) sunlight?

    Answer: Vitamin D

    Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when UVB radiation from sunlight converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3, which is then converted to active vitamin D.

  2. What is parenteral nutrition?

    Answer: Nutrition delivered intravenously, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract

    Parenteral nutrition delivers all required nutrients directly into the bloodstream via an intravenous catheter, completely bypassing the gastrointestinal system.

  3. A patient receiving warfarin (Coumadin) therapy should monitor their consistent intake of which food group?

    Answer: Dark leafy green vegetables high in vitamin K

    Dark leafy greens are high in vitamin K, which promotes clotting and directly antagonizes warfarin's anticoagulant mechanism, altering INR levels.

  4. Which mineral, abundant in dairy products, is the primary component responsible for maintaining bone density?

    Answer: Calcium

    Calcium is the primary mineral in bone matrix (hydroxyapatite), and adequate calcium intake throughout life is essential for maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis.

  5. Which type of modified diet is prescribed for patients with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)?

    Answer: Mechanically soft or pureed diet

    Dysphagia patients require texturally modified foods — such as mechanical soft, minced, or pureed consistencies — to reduce aspiration risk while maintaining adequate nutrition.

  6. Which condition is most commonly caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?

    Answer: Pernicious anemia

    Pernicious anemia results from vitamin B12 deficiency, often due to a lack of intrinsic factor needed for B12 absorption in the terminal ileum, leading to megaloblastic anemia.

  7. What Body Mass Index (BMI) range is classified as 'healthy weight' for adults according to the CDC?

    Answer: BMI 18.5 to 24.9

    A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is classified as healthy weight for adults, as defined by the CDC and WHO; values below indicate underweight and above indicate overweight or obesity.

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