Nutrition & Dietary Management Flashcards

Which group of vitamins is classified as fat-soluble and requires dietary fat for proper absorption?

Answer: Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins that require dietary fat and bile salts for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

A patient diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) must strictly restrict which nutrient from the diet?

Answer: Phenylalanine (an amino acid)

PKU is an inborn error of metabolism in which phenylalanine cannot be properly metabolized, requiring severe dietary restriction of phenylalanine to prevent neurological damage.

What is enteral nutrition?

Answer: Nutrition delivered through a tube into the gastrointestinal tract

Enteral nutrition involves delivering liquid nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract via a feeding tube when the patient cannot meet nutritional needs orally.

Which mineral is essential for the transport of oxygen within red blood cells?

Answer: Iron

Iron is a core component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, where it binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues throughout the body.

What is the caloric value of 1 gram of dietary fat?

Answer: 9 calories

Fat provides 9 calories per gram, making it the most calorie-dense macronutrient — more than double the caloric value of carbohydrates or protein.

A patient with gout should follow which type of therapeutic diet?

Answer: Low-purine diet

Gout results from elevated uric acid produced by purine metabolism, so a low-purine diet helps reduce uric acid levels and prevent painful gout attacks.

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein in a healthy sedentary adult?

Answer: 0.8 g/kg body weight/day

The RDA for protein is 0.8 g/kg body weight per day for healthy sedentary adults, representing the minimum needed to prevent deficiency.