Nutrition & Dietary Management Flashcards

Which vitamin deficiency is responsible for causing scurvy?

Answer: Vitamin C

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and fragile capillaries.

Which dietary modification is most important for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Answer: Restrict potassium and phosphorus

CKD patients must restrict potassium and phosphorus because impaired kidneys cannot effectively filter and eliminate these electrolytes, leading to dangerous accumulation.

What is the recommended daily sodium intake for most adults with hypertension according to current dietary guidelines?

Answer: Less than 2,300 mg

The American Heart Association recommends less than 2,300 mg of sodium per day for most adults, especially those managing hypertension.

Which macronutrient is most critical for wound healing and tissue repair?

Answer: Protein

Protein provides the amino acids essential for collagen synthesis, cell proliferation, and tissue repair during the wound healing process.

What dietary order is typically given to a patient immediately following bowel surgery?

Answer: NPO (nothing by mouth) then advance to clear liquids

Post-bowel surgery patients are kept NPO to rest the GI tract, then gradually advanced to clear liquids as bowel function returns.

Which food source is widely recognized as one of the highest in potassium content?

Answer: Bananas

Bananas are among the most well-known high-potassium foods, making them important to monitor in patients at risk for hyperkalemia.

What is the primary physiological role of dietary fiber in the human body?

Answer: Promote bowel regularity and digestive health

Dietary fiber promotes bowel regularity, prevents constipation, and supports digestive health by adding bulk to stool and feeding beneficial gut bacteria.