Human Development and Behavior Flashcards

Which of the following best describes a 'sensitive period' in human development?

Answer: An optimal time window during which certain experiences have their greatest developmental impact

Sensitive periods are windows of time during development when specific experiences most powerfully shape particular abilities or traits, though learning can still occur outside these windows.

Kübler-Ross's model of grief describes which of the following as the typical sequence of stages experienced after a significant loss?

Answer: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Kübler-Ross identified five stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance — though individuals may not experience them in a fixed order.

Which theorist proposed that identity development in adolescence involves a process called 'identity moratorium,' in which individuals actively explore options without yet committing?

Answer: James Marcia

James Marcia expanded on Erikson's work to define four identity statuses, including moratorium — a period of active exploration without commitment.

In systems theory applied to human behavior, what does 'homeostasis' refer to within a family system?

Answer: The tendency of a family system to maintain stability and resist change

Homeostasis in family systems theory describes the tendency of family systems to self-regulate and return to a stable, predictable state, sometimes resisting healthy change.

According to research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), higher ACE scores are most strongly associated with which of the following?

Answer: Increased risk of chronic disease, mental health disorders, and early mortality

The ACE study found a dose-response relationship: the more adverse childhood experiences a person had, the greater their risk of chronic illness, mental health problems, substance use, and early death.

Which developmental milestone is typically achieved by most children by age 2, reflecting language development?

Answer: Combining two words together to express simple ideas

By around 18–24 months, most children begin combining two words (e.g., 'more milk,' 'daddy go'), marking a key milestone in early language development.

Carl Jung's concept of the 'collective unconscious' refers to which of the following?

Answer: A layer of the unconscious containing universal, inherited archetypes shared by all humans

Jung proposed that beneath the personal unconscious lies a deeper collective unconscious containing universal archetypes — innate psychological structures shared across humanity.