Research Design & Methodology Flashcards

What is the primary purpose of a literature review in research design?

Answer: To identify research gaps and provide a theoretical foundation

The primary purpose of a literature review in research design is to systematically examine existing scholarly works to identify what is already known about a topic. This process helps to pinpoint gaps in current knowledge, establish a theoretical framework for the new study, and justify the need for further research.

What is the purpose of random sampling in research?

Answer: To ensure every participant has an equal chance of being selected

Random sampling is a fundamental technique in research designed to create a representative sample from a larger population. By giving every participant an equal chance of selection, it minimizes bias and increases the generalizability of the study's findings. This method helps ensure that the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the population, making the research results more reliable and valid.

What is a hypothesis in research design?

Answer: A testable prediction about variables

A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables in a research study. It serves as an educated guess that guides the research design and data collection. Researchers then collect empirical evidence to either support or refute this prediction, contributing to scientific knowledge.

What type of research method involves manipulating one variable to observe its effect on another variable?

Answer: Experimental research

Experimental research is characterized by the manipulation of an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable. This method allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships by controlling other factors. It typically involves random assignment to experimental and control groups, ensuring that any observed differences are due to the manipulated variable.

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research methods?

Answer: Qualitative research focuses on depth, while quantitative focuses on numerical analysis

Qualitative research aims to explore complex phenomena in depth, focusing on understanding experiences, perspectives, and meanings through non-numerical data like interviews or observations. In contrast, quantitative research focuses on measuring and analyzing numerical data to identify patterns, test hypotheses, and generalize findings. The key distinction lies in their approach to data: depth and understanding versus breadth and measurement.

What is the significance of a control group in an experiment?

Answer: It helps isolate the effect of the independent variable

A control group is a crucial component of experimental research, as it does not receive the experimental treatment or intervention. Its purpose is to provide a baseline for comparison, allowing researchers to isolate the effect of the independent variable on the experimental group. By comparing outcomes between the experimental and control groups, researchers can more confidently attribute any observed changes to the intervention itself.

What is the purpose of statistical analysis in research?

Answer: To summarize and make inferences from data

Statistical analysis is essential in research for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting numerical data. It allows researchers to identify patterns, relationships, and significant differences within their data sets. Through statistical methods, researchers can draw inferences about a larger population based on their sample data and test hypotheses with a degree of confidence.

Why is it important to have a research question in a study?

Answer: To provide a clear focus for the research

A well-defined research question is paramount because it provides a clear and specific focus for the entire study. It guides the selection of appropriate methodologies, data collection instruments, and analysis techniques. Without a clear question, research can become unfocused, leading to irrelevant data and inconclusive findings.

What is a common method of collecting data in qualitative research?

Answer: Interviews and focus groups

Interviews and focus groups are common data collection methods in qualitative research because they allow for in-depth exploration of participants' experiences, opinions, and perspectives. These methods yield rich, descriptive data that helps researchers understand complex social phenomena. They are designed to uncover nuances and provide detailed insights that numerical data alone cannot capture.