PI - Cognitive Assessment Cognitive Assessment Logical Deduction Problems 1

Question 1

All doctors are scientists. All scientists are educated. Which conclusion must be true?

Accepted Answer

All doctors are educated

Answer

Since all doctors are scientists, and all scientists are educated, it follows necessarily that all doctors are educated. The chain of 'all' statements allows this transitive conclusion.

Question 2

If the alarm rings, Maria wakes up. Maria did not wake up. What can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

The alarm did not ring

Answer

This is modus tollens: if P then Q; not Q; therefore not P. Since Maria did not wake up (the effect didn't happen), the alarm could not have rung (the cause didn't occur).

Question 3

Anna scores higher than Ben. Ben scores higher than Clara. Dana scores higher than Anna. Who scores the lowest?

Accepted Answer

Clara

Answer

Ordering from highest to lowest: Dana > Anna > Ben > Clara. Clara is at the bottom of the chain, making her the lowest scorer.

Question 4

In a class of 40 students, 22 play basketball, 18 play soccer, and 6 play neither sport. How many students play both basketball and soccer?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

Students who play at least one sport = 40 − 6 = 34. Using inclusion-exclusion: Both = Basketball + Soccer − At least one = 22 + 18 − 34 = 6.

Question 5

No reptiles are warm-blooded. All snakes are reptiles. Which conclusion must be true?

Accepted Answer

No snakes are warm-blooded

Answer

Since all snakes are reptiles, and no reptiles are warm-blooded, it follows that no snakes are warm-blooded. The 'no' statement applies to every member of the reptile category, including snakes.

PI - Cognitive Assessment Practice Test

PI - Cognitive Assessment Practice Test

PI - Cognitive Assessment Cognitive Assessment Logical Deduction Problems 1