Genitourinary and Renal System Disorders Flashcards
7 cards from real Physician Assistant practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Genitourinary and Renal System Disorders flashcards as text
A 68-year-old man develops a creatinine rise 48 hours after CT with IV contrast; urinalysis shows muddy brown granular casts. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Acute tubular necrosis
Muddy brown granular casts are the hallmark of acute tubular necrosis, including contrast-induced injury.
Which laboratory finding best supports prerenal acute kidney injury?
Answer: FENa less than 1%
Intact tubules avidly reabsorb sodium in prerenal states, giving a FENa below 1%.
A patient started on a new antibiotic develops fever, rash, and AKI with urine eosinophils. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Acute interstitial nephritis
The triad of fever, rash, and eosinophiluria after drug exposure suggests drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis.
A marathon runner presents with dark urine; dipstick is positive for blood but microscopy shows no RBCs. What is the most likely cause?
Answer: Myoglobinuria from rhabdomyolysis
Heme-positive dipstick without RBCs on microscopy indicates myoglobin or hemoglobin, here from rhabdomyolysis.
Which ECG finding is typically the earliest sign of hyperkalemia?
Answer: Peaked T waves
Peaked T waves are the earliest ECG change as potassium rises.
A patient with potassium of 7.0 mEq/L has widened QRS complexes. What is the first treatment to give?
Answer: IV calcium gluconate
IV calcium stabilizes the cardiac membrane immediately but does not lower potassium.
Which finding is most specific for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease extrarenal involvement that warrants screening in patients with a family history?
Answer: Intracranial berry aneurysm
ADPKD is associated with berry aneurysms, so patients with a family history of aneurysm or subarachnoid hemorrhage should be screened.
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