PhD Doctor of Philosophy Philosophy: Morality and The Moral Life 4

Question 1

According to Kant's Formula of Humanity, one must always treat rational beings:

Accepted Answer

As ends in themselves and never merely as means

Answer

The Formula of Humanity requires that we never use persons solely as instruments for our ends but always also respect their inherent rational dignity.

Question 2

Supererogatory acts are those that are:

Accepted Answer

Praiseworthy but beyond the call of moral duty

Answer

Supererogatory actions go beyond what morality demands—they are morally good but their omission is not a moral failure.

Question 3

G.E. Moore's 'open question argument' was designed to refute:

Accepted Answer

Ethical naturalism

Answer

Moore argued that for any natural property F, it remains an open question whether 'what is F is good,' showing goodness cannot be identified with any natural property.

Question 4

In Nietzsche's ethics, the 'master morality' values which of the following above all?

Accepted Answer

Power, nobility, and self-affirmation

Answer

Nietzsche's master morality is characterized by strength, creativity, and self-affirmation, in contrast to the resentment-based slave morality he associated with Christianity.

Question 5

Which position holds that moral properties are identical to or reducible to natural properties discoverable by science?

Accepted Answer

Ethical naturalism

Answer

Ethical naturalism claims that moral facts are a subset of natural facts and can in principle be studied by empirical methods.

PhD Doctor of Philosophy Practice Test

PhD Doctor of Philosophy Practice Test

PhD Doctor of Philosophy Philosophy: Morality and The Moral Life 4