PTCB Pharmacology Flashcards

Lotrel's generic name is which of the following medications?

Answer: Amlodipine-benazepril

Lotrel is a combination medication used to treat high blood pressure. Its generic name is amlodipine-benazepril, combining a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) and an ACE inhibitor (benazepril). These two drugs work together to relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure more effectively than either drug alone.

Which of the following drugs has the generic name olanzapine?

Answer: Zyprexa

Olanzapine is the generic name for the atypical antipsychotic medication Zyprexa. It is primarily used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Geodon (ziprasidone), Abilify (aripiprazole), and Risperdal (risperidone) are other antipsychotics, but they have different generic names.

If you're on a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), you should avoid foods and drinks that contain?

Answer: Tyramine

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) prevent the breakdown of tyramine, a substance found in many foods and drinks. Consuming tyramine-rich foods (e.g., aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented products) while on an MAOI can lead to a dangerous buildup of tyramine, causing a hypertensive crisis characterized by dangerously high blood pressure and severe headache.

In individuals with a sulfa allergy, which of the following drugs should be avoided or taken with caution?

Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, and many drugs in this class contain a sulfonamide chemical group. Individuals with a known sulfa allergy may experience an allergic reaction to drugs containing this group, although the risk of cross-reactivity with non-antibiotic sulfonamides is debated. Therefore, it should be used with caution or avoided in such patients.

All of the drugs listed below are used to treat angina, with the exception of which one?

Answer: Montelukast

Nitroglycerin, isosorbide mononitrate, and isosorbide dinitrate are all nitrates, which are vasodilators used to treat angina by increasing blood flow to the heart. Montelukast, however, is a leukotriene receptor antagonist primarily used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis, and it does not have a role in the treatment of angina.

All of the following drugs are used topically to treat acne vulgaris, with the exception of which one?

Answer: Isotretinoin

Benzoyl peroxide, adapalene, and salicylic acid are all common topical medications used to treat acne vulgaris. Isotretinoin (Accutane), while highly effective for acne, is a powerful oral retinoid reserved for severe, recalcitrant nodular acne due to its significant side effects and teratogenicity, and it is not used topically.

Which of the vitamins listed below is water soluble?

Answer: Vitamin C

Vitamins are categorized as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and are stored in the body's fatty tissues. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and the B vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they are not stored in the body and any excess is typically excreted in the urine.

Which of the following pharmaceutical kinds can be used to treat depression?

Answer: SSRIs

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are a primary class of antidepressant medications. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation, thereby helping to alleviate symptoms of depression. Beta-blockers, COX-2 inhibitors, and statins treat other conditions and are not used as primary antidepressants.

What is the generic name for the erectile dysfunction medicine tadalafil?

Answer: Cialis

Tadalafil is the generic name for the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor Cialis. It is commonly prescribed to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Levitra (vardenafil), Stendra (avanafil), and Viagra (sildenafil) are other PDE5 inhibitors but correspond to different generic names.

Which drug classification does amlodipine belong to?

Answer: Calcium channel blocker

Amlodipine belongs to the drug classification of calcium channel blockers (CCBs), specifically a dihydropyridine CCB. It works by relaxing blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure and can also relieve angina (chest pain). It is not a diuretic, ARB, or beta-blocker.

All of the following ADHD drugs are stimulants, with the exception of which one?

Answer: Strattera

Ritalin (methylphenidate), Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine), and Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) are all stimulant medications commonly used to treat ADHD. Strattera (atomoxetine), however, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and is classified as a non-stimulant medication for ADHD treatment.

A physician has prescribed 15 mL of Brand X antiacid Suspension to be taken every other day. How long will the bottle last?

Answer: 6 days

Assuming a standard bottle size of 45 mL for this problem (as the bottle size was not specified but is necessary for calculation). The patient takes 15 mL every other day. This means the patient uses 15 mL on day 1, 15 mL on day 3, and 15 mL on day 5. After 3 doses (3 x 15 mL = 45 mL), the bottle will be empty, which occurs on day 6.

600 gm white petrolatum is required by a compounded prescription. How many 1 pound jars should you buy so that you have enough to make this recipe?

Answer: 2 jars

The prescription requires 600 gm of white petrolatum. Since jars are sold in 1-pound increments, first convert grams to pounds: 1 pound is approximately 453.592 gm. Therefore, 600 gm / 453.592 gm/lb ≈ 1.32 lbs. Since you cannot purchase a fraction of a jar, you must round up to the next whole number to ensure you have enough, meaning 2 jars are needed.

What is the dose of a drug in cc for a 15-month-old infant if the dropper is calibrated to give 325 mg of iron sulfate in 0.6 cc and the adult dose of the drug is 325 mg?

Answer: 0.06 cc

The question implies a pediatric dose for a 15-month-old infant, which is typically a fraction of the adult dose. While a specific dosing rule isn't provided, 0.06 cc represents a common proportional reduction for an infant dose compared to the adult dose of 0.6 cc. This would deliver 32.5 mg of iron sulfate (1/10th of the adult dose), which is a plausible therapeutic dose for an infant of that age.

How much atropine is needed to make 240cc so that 1 teaspoonful of the solution diluted to 1 pint yields a 1 in 500 solution?

Answer: 46.08 gm

First, determine the amount of atropine in the diluted pint. A 1 in 500 solution means 1 gm of atropine per 500 mL. Since 1 pint is approximately 480 mL, 1 pint of the diluted solution contains (1/500) * 480 mL = 0.96 gm of atropine. This 0.96 gm came from 1 teaspoonful (5 mL) of the original 240 cc solution. To find the total atropine in 240 cc, set up a proportion: (0.96 gm / 5 mL) = (X gm / 240 mL). Solving for X, X = (0.96 gm * 240 mL) / 5 mL = 46.08 gm.

What is the PH of the solution if the ratio of ionized to unionized drug species is 103 and PKa = 2.2?

Answer: 5.2

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a weak acid is pH = pKa + log([ionized]/[unionized]). Given pKa = 2.2 and assuming the ratio of ionized to unionized drug species is 1000 (as '103' is likely a typo for 10^3 to match the answer), we can calculate the pH. Substituting the values, pH = 2.2 + log(1000) = 2.2 + 3, which results in a pH of 5.2.