PTCB Pharmacology #1 2 Flashcards

Which drug class do "-pril" suffix drugs belong to?

Answer: ACE inhibitors

Drugs ending in "-pril" (lisinopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril) are ACE inhibitors that prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

What is the primary mechanism of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Answer: Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in parietal cells

PPIs irreversibly bind and inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells, providing potent and long-lasting acid suppression of 80–95%.

Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide work primarily by:

Answer: Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

Thiazide diuretics inhibit the NaCl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule, reducing sodium reabsorption. Loop diuretics (furosemide) block the Na-K-2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb.

Benzodiazepines exert their sedative effects by:

Answer: Enhancing GABA-A receptor activity by increasing chloride channel opening frequency

Benzodiazepines bind to GABA-A receptors at a site distinct from GABA, enhancing the effect of GABA by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening, producing sedation, anxiolysis, and muscle relaxation.

Which of the following correctly describes pharmacokinetics?

Answer: What the body does to the drug: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Pharmacokinetics (PK) describes what the body does to a drug: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME). Pharmacodynamics (PD) describes what the drug does to the body.

Which receptor do beta-blockers primarily block to reduce heart rate?

Answer: Beta-1 adrenergic receptors

Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are predominant in the heart. Blocking these receptors reduces heart rate (negative chronotropy), contractility (negative inotropy), and blood pressure.