PTCB Drug Flashcards

Rayos, what is the active ingredient in the medicine?

Answer: Prednisone

Rayos is a brand name for a delayed-release formulation of prednisone. Prednisone is a corticosteroid widely used to treat a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including arthritis, asthma, and allergic reactions, by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system.

NovoLog, what is the active ingredient in the medicine?

Answer: Insulin aspart

NovoLog is a brand name for insulin aspart. Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin analog used to help control blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes, typically administered shortly before meals to cover carbohydrate intake.

What exactly is the active ingredient in Viagra?

Answer: Sildenafil

Viagra is a widely recognized brand name for the medication sildenafil. Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor primarily prescribed to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and is also used for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

What is the medicine's active ingredient, Herceptin?

Answer: Trastuzumab

Herceptin is a brand name for the medication trastuzumab. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody specifically used in the treatment of certain types of breast cancer and gastric cancer that overexpress the HER2 protein, targeting these cancer cells.

Which of these medications contains ciprofloxacin, the active ingredient?

Answer: Proquin

Proquin is a brand name for an extended-release formulation of ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. Levaquin contains levofloxacin, Zocor contains simvastatin, and Requip contains ropinirole.

Aceon, what is the active ingredient in the medicine?

Answer: Perindopril

Aceon is a brand name for the medication perindopril. Perindopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure by relaxing blood vessels and reducing the heart's workload.

Tylenol's active ingredient is

Answer: Acetaminophen

Tylenol is a widely recognized brand name for an over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer. Its active ingredient is acetaminophen, which works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system. This makes acetaminophen effective for mild to moderate pain and fever without the anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs.

Which of these drugs contains the active component phenazopyridine?

Answer: Pyridium

Pyridium is a brand name medication specifically used to relieve symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as pain, burning, and urgency. Its active ingredient, phenazopyridine, is an azo dye that acts as a local anesthetic on the urinary tract mucosa. It's important to note that while it alleviates symptoms, it does not treat the underlying infection.

Keppra's active ingredient is

Answer: Levetiracetam

Keppra is a brand name for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam, which is used to treat various types of seizures. Levetiracetam works by binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in the brain, modulating neurotransmitter release and reducing seizure activity. It is often prescribed as an add-on therapy or monotherapy for epilepsy.

AcipHex, what is the active ingredient in the medicine?

Answer: Rabeprazole

AcipHex is a brand name for rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers. Rabeprazole works by irreversibly blocking the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme system (the proton pump) in gastric parietal cells. This action effectively reduces the production of stomach acid, providing relief and allowing healing.

Eliquis, what is the active ingredient in the medicine?

Answer: Apixaban

Eliquis is a brand name for apixaban, an anticoagulant medication used to prevent and treat blood clots. Apixaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor, meaning it blocks a specific enzyme in the coagulation cascade that is essential for blood clot formation. This mechanism makes it effective in preventing strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation and treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).

A beyond use date would be found on which type of label?

Answer: Unit dose label

A beyond-use date (BUD) is assigned to compounded sterile preparations or repackaged medications, indicating the time after which the preparation should not be used. Unit dose labels, which are applied to individual doses of medication, must include a BUD to ensure the stability and efficacy of the drug until administration. This is crucial for patient safety, especially in institutional settings.

Which of the following terms assumes the cost at the earliest purchase of goods is the first to be recognized as the cost of the goods sold?

Answer: First in, first out

First In, First Out (FIFO) is an inventory valuation method where it is assumed that the first goods purchased or produced are the first ones sold. In a pharmacy, this means that the oldest medications in stock are dispensed first. This method helps minimize waste by ensuring that drugs with earlier expiration dates are used before they expire, which is particularly important for perishable goods like pharmaceuticals.

Which of the following is not a type of formulary?

Answer: Perpetual

A formulary is a list of prescription drugs covered by a health insurance plan or available within a healthcare system. Common types include open (most drugs covered), closed (only specific drugs covered), and restricted (limited drugs covered, often with specific criteria). 'Perpetual' refers to a perpetual inventory system, which is a method of tracking inventory continuously, not a type of formulary.

When a patient has more than one insurance, what must be done to determine who shall provide the maximum coverage for the patient?

Answer: Reject claim

When a patient has more than one insurance, the initial submission of a claim might result in a 'reject claim' if the primary and secondary payers are not correctly identified. This rejection forces the pharmacy to investigate and determine the correct order of benefits, ultimately ensuring the patient receives maximum coverage. Therefore, a rejected claim can be a critical step in the process of coordinating benefits to optimize patient coverage.

Which of the following identifies medications that may cause problems if taken simultaneously?

Answer: Drug – drug interaction

A drug-drug interaction occurs when two or more medications taken together affect each other's actions or side effects. These interactions can lead to increased or decreased drug effects, or even new adverse reactions. Pharmacists play a crucial role in identifying and managing these interactions to ensure patient safety and optimize therapeutic outcomes.