Pharmacology Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Use 3

Question 1

Tamoxifen is used in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It acts as a:

Accepted Answer

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

Answer

Full estrogen agonist

Answer

Aromatase inhibitor

Answer

GnRH agonist

Question 2

Which antiepileptic drug is preferred for absence seizures and works by blocking T-type calcium channels?

Accepted Answer

Ethosuximide

Answer

Phenytoin

Answer

Carbamazepine

Answer

Valproate

Question 3

A patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy is at risk for osteoporosis. Which drug should be co-prescribed as prophylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Bisphosphonate plus vitamin D and calcium

Answer

Calcium carbonate alone

Answer

Calcitonin alone

Answer

Fluoride supplements

Question 4

Clozapine is reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia despite its efficacy because it carries a risk of:

Accepted Answer

Agranulocytosis

Answer

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer

QT prolongation

Question 5

Naloxone is administered to an unconscious patient suspected of opioid overdose. The expected immediate clinical effect is:

Accepted Answer

Reversal of respiratory depression

Answer

Sedation and analgesia

Answer

Reduction of blood pressure

Answer

Induction of vomiting

Question 6

Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is highly effective for severe acne but requires a REMS program primarily because it is:

Accepted Answer

Teratogenic

Answer

Nephrotoxic

Answer

Cardiotoxic

Answer

Hepatotoxic

Question 7

A patient with Type 2 diabetes is started on an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which additional clinical benefit beyond glucose lowering makes this drug class preferred in patients with established cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Reduced risk of heart failure hospitalization

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Increased blood pressure

Answer

Improved LDL cholesterol