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Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Use Flashcards

7 cards from real Pharmacology practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Use flashcards as text

  1. Tamoxifen is used in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It acts as a:

    Answer: Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

    Tamoxifen is a SERM that antagonizes estrogen receptors in breast tissue while acting as a partial agonist in other tissues.

  2. Which antiepileptic drug is preferred for absence seizures and works by blocking T-type calcium channels?

    Answer: Ethosuximide

    Ethosuximide selectively blocks T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons, reducing the spike-wave discharges of absence seizures.

  3. A patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy is at risk for osteoporosis. Which drug should be co-prescribed as prophylaxis?

    Answer: Bisphosphonate plus vitamin D and calcium

    Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate) with calcium and vitamin D are recommended to prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

  4. Clozapine is reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia despite its efficacy because it carries a risk of:

    Answer: Agranulocytosis

    Clozapine can cause life-threatening agranulocytosis, requiring mandatory ANC monitoring with a REMS program.

  5. Naloxone is administered to an unconscious patient suspected of opioid overdose. The expected immediate clinical effect is:

    Answer: Reversal of respiratory depression

    Naloxone competitively displaces opioids from mu-receptors, rapidly reversing respiratory depression.

  6. Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is highly effective for severe acne but requires a REMS program primarily because it is:

    Answer: Teratogenic

    Isotretinoin is a potent teratogen that causes severe fetal malformations, requiring pregnancy prevention measures under iPLEDGE.

  7. A patient with Type 2 diabetes is started on an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which additional clinical benefit beyond glucose lowering makes this drug class preferred in patients with established cardiovascular disease?

    Answer: Reduced risk of heart failure hospitalization

    SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin) have demonstrated cardiovascular outcome benefits, including reduced heart failure hospitalization.