Drug Interactions and Adverse Effects Flashcards
6 cards from real Pharm.D. Doctor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Drug Interactions and Adverse Effects flashcards as text
Which adverse effect is associated with clozapine use that requires mandatory weekly or biweekly CBC monitoring?
Answer: Agranulocytosis
Clozapine is associated with life-threatening agranulocytosis (severe neutropenia), requiring mandatory CBC monitoring under the Clozapine REMS program.
A patient on lithium develops polyuria, tremor, and confusion after starting ibuprofen. What interaction has occurred?
Answer: Ibuprofen reduces renal lithium clearance, causing lithium toxicity
NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin-mediated renal blood flow, reducing renal lithium clearance and causing lithium accumulation and toxicity.
Which adverse effect is specifically associated with tetracycline use in children under 8 years of age?
Answer: Permanent discoloration of developing teeth and enamel hypoplasia
Tetracyclines chelate calcium and deposit in developing bones and teeth, causing permanent yellow-brown discoloration of teeth and enamel hypoplasia in children under 8.
Serotonin syndrome is most likely to occur with which combination?
Answer: Tramadol + sertraline (SSRI)
Tramadol (has serotonergic and opioid properties) combined with an SSRI like sertraline creates excess serotonin activity, precipitating serotonin syndrome.
QT prolongation caused by certain drugs increases the risk of which potentially fatal arrhythmia?
Answer: Ventricular fibrillation secondary to torsades de pointes (TdP)
Drug-induced QT prolongation can precipitate torsades de pointes (TdP), a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death.
Which adverse drug reaction is classified as a Type B (idiosyncratic) reaction?
Answer: Penicillin-induced anaphylaxis
Penicillin anaphylaxis is a Type B (idiosyncratic/immunological) reaction — it is unpredictable, not dose-related, and occurs in only susceptible individuals due to immune-mediated mechanisms.