Doctor of Pharmacy General Flashcards
7 cards from real Pharm.D. Doctor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Doctor of Pharmacy General flashcards as text
A patient on warfarin starts taking fluconazole. What is the expected drug interaction?
Answer: Increased INR due to CYP2C9 inhibition
Fluconazole inhibits CYP2C9, reducing warfarin metabolism and increasing INR.
Which pharmacokinetic parameter best describes the fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged?
Answer: Bioavailability
Bioavailability (F) is the fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation in unchanged form.
A patient with CrCl of 20 mL/min requires dose adjustment for which antibiotic?
Answer: Vancomycin
Vancomycin is primarily renally eliminated and requires dose adjustment in renal impairment.
What is the mechanism of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via AMPK activation
Metformin activates AMPK, primarily reducing hepatic glucose production through inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
Which adverse effect is most associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics?
Answer: Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides accumulate in renal proximal tubule cells and cochlear hair cells, causing nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
A patient experiences a severe anaphylactic reaction. What is the first-line treatment?
Answer: Epinephrine IM 0.3–0.5 mg
Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid onset and alpha/beta adrenergic effects.
Which drug class is contraindicated in patients with a history of hereditary angioedema?
Answer: ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors increase bradykinin levels, which can precipitate or worsen angioedema in susceptible patients.