Reading and Math Intervention Strategies Flashcards

What are the five essential components of reading instruction identified by the National Reading Panel?

Answer: Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension

The National Reading Panel identified five pillars of effective reading instruction: phonemic awareness (hearing and manipulating sounds), phonics (sound-letter relationships), fluency (accurate and automatic reading), vocabulary (word knowledge), and comprehension (understanding meaning).

What is the Orton-Gillingham approach to reading instruction?

Answer: A multisensory, structured, sequential approach designed for students with dyslexia

The Orton-Gillingham approach uses direct, explicit, multisensory (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) teaching of phonology and phonics in a structured, sequential, and cumulative manner, specifically designed for students with dyslexia.

What is the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence in math instruction?

Answer: Teaching math concepts first with physical objects, then pictures, then symbols/numbers

CRA moves students through three stages: concrete (manipulatives like blocks and counters), representational (drawings and diagrams), and abstract (numbers and symbols), building conceptual understanding before procedural fluency.

What is curriculum-based measurement (CBM) in special education?

Answer: Brief, standardized assessments administered frequently to monitor student progress toward IEP goals

CBM involves brief (1-3 minute), standardized probes administered weekly or biweekly to measure student growth in specific academic skills, providing data for instructional decision-making and IEP progress monitoring.

What is the purpose of error analysis in math instruction for students with disabilities?

Answer: To identify specific patterns in student errors that reveal conceptual misunderstandings

Error analysis examines the types and patterns of errors a student makes to identify specific conceptual misunderstandings, procedural mistakes, or gaps in foundational knowledge, guiding targeted remediation.

What evidence-based practices are most effective for teaching reading comprehension to students with learning disabilities?

Answer: Graphic organizers, summarization strategies, questioning techniques, and self-monitoring

Evidence-based comprehension strategies include graphic organizers to visualize text structure, explicit teaching of summarization and questioning, reciprocal teaching, self-monitoring strategies, and think-alouds modeling active reading.