PECT Reading and Math Intervention Strategies 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What are the five essential components of reading instruction identified by the National Reading Panel?
- Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension (Correct answer)
- Spelling, grammar, writing, listening, and speaking
- Decoding, encoding, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
- Sight words, context clues, prediction, summarizing, and questioning
Correct answer: Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension
The National Reading Panel identified five pillars of effective reading instruction: phonemic awareness (hearing and manipulating sounds), phonics (sound-letter relationships), fluency (accurate and automatic reading), vocabulary (word knowledge), and comprehension (understanding meaning).
Question 2: What is the Orton-Gillingham approach to reading instruction?
- A multisensory, structured, sequential approach designed for students with dyslexia (Correct answer)
- A whole-language reading philosophy
- A speed-reading technique for gifted students
- A computer-based reading program
Correct answer: A multisensory, structured, sequential approach designed for students with dyslexia
The Orton-Gillingham approach uses direct, explicit, multisensory (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) teaching of phonology and phonics in a structured, sequential, and cumulative manner, specifically designed for students with dyslexia.
Question 3: What is the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence in math instruction?
- Teaching math concepts first with physical objects, then pictures, then symbols/numbers (Correct answer)
- A grading rubric for math assignments
- A classroom seating arrangement for math groups
- A standardized math assessment sequence
Correct answer: Teaching math concepts first with physical objects, then pictures, then symbols/numbers
CRA moves students through three stages: concrete (manipulatives like blocks and counters), representational (drawings and diagrams), and abstract (numbers and symbols), building conceptual understanding before procedural fluency.
Question 4: What is curriculum-based measurement (CBM) in special education?
- Brief, standardized assessments administered frequently to monitor student progress toward IEP goals (Correct answer)
- A comprehensive end-of-year test
- A curriculum review by school administrators
- A parent survey about educational materials
Correct answer: Brief, standardized assessments administered frequently to monitor student progress toward IEP goals
CBM involves brief (1-3 minute), standardized probes administered weekly or biweekly to measure student growth in specific academic skills, providing data for instructional decision-making and IEP progress monitoring.
Question 5: What is the purpose of error analysis in math instruction for students with disabilities?
- To identify specific patterns in student errors that reveal conceptual misunderstandings (Correct answer)
- To count the total number of wrong answers on a test
- To rank students by the number of mistakes they make
- To determine which students should be retained
Correct answer: To identify specific patterns in student errors that reveal conceptual misunderstandings
Error analysis examines the types and patterns of errors a student makes to identify specific conceptual misunderstandings, procedural mistakes, or gaps in foundational knowledge, guiding targeted remediation.
Question 6: What evidence-based practices are most effective for teaching reading comprehension to students with learning disabilities?
- Graphic organizers, summarization strategies, questioning techniques, and self-monitoring (Correct answer)
- Having students read silently without guidance
- Assigning more homework reading
- Only using audiobooks for all reading assignments
Correct answer: Graphic organizers, summarization strategies, questioning techniques, and self-monitoring
Evidence-based comprehension strategies include graphic organizers to visualize text structure, explicit teaching of summarization and questioning, reciprocal teaching, self-monitoring strategies, and think-alouds modeling active reading.
PECT Reading and Math Intervention Strategies 1
What are the five essential components of reading instruction identified by the National Reading Panel?