PECT Child Development and Learning Theories

Question 1

According to Piaget, children ages 2–7 are in which stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 2

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to:

Accepted Answer

The gap between what a child can do alone and with guidance

Answer

Tasks a child can do independently

Answer

A child's physical growth range

Answer

The range of emotions a child can express

Question 3

Which theorist emphasized that children learn through observation and imitation of others?

Accepted Answer

Bandura

Answer

Piaget

Answer

Freud

Answer

Skinner

Question 4

Erikson's stage for children ages 3–5 is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame

Answer

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 5

Which approach to early childhood education emphasizes child-led exploration and intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Constructivist/play-based learning

Answer

Direct instruction

Answer

Behaviorist drill and practice

Answer

Lecture-based teaching

Question 6

Which developmental principle states that children develop from head to toe?

Accepted Answer

Cephalocaudal

Answer

Proximodistal

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Integration