PCU Hemodynamic Monitoring & Vascular Access 2

Question 1

Which formula is used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

(Systolic BP + 2 × Diastolic BP) / 3

Answer

(Systolic BP + Diastolic BP) / 2

Answer

(2 × Systolic BP + Diastolic BP) / 3

Answer

Systolic BP − Diastolic BP

Question 2

A PCU nurse observes that a patient's arterial waveform shows pulsus paradoxus with an inspiratory drop in systolic BP greater than 10 mmHg. Which condition should the nurse suspect?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac tamponade

Answer

Hypertensive crisis

Answer

Aortic stenosis

Answer

Mitral valve regurgitation

Question 3

When caring for a patient with a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), a pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) of 22 mmHg most likely indicates:

Accepted Answer

Left ventricular failure and elevated left-sided filling pressures

Answer

Hypovolemia

Answer

Normal left ventricular preload

Answer

Right-sided heart failure only

Question 4

Which complication is most specific to the use of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC)?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery rupture

Answer

Pneumothorax during insertion

Answer

Air embolism

Answer

Bloodstream infection

Question 5

A patient receiving a peripheral IV infusion develops pain, erythema, and a palpable cord along the vein. Which intervention is the priority?

Accepted Answer

Discontinue the IV and remove the catheter

Answer

Slow the infusion rate

Answer

Apply warm compresses and continue the infusion

Answer

Increase the gauge of the IV catheter

Question 6

Which of the following parameters directly reflects systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

Accepted Answer

The difference between MAP and CVP, divided by cardiac output

Answer

Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure

Answer

Cardiac output divided by heart rate

Answer

Pulmonary artery wedge pressure minus CVP

Question 7

A patient with a central line develops sudden onset dyspnea, chest pain, and hypoxia during a tubing change. The nurse suspects air embolism. What is the immediate priority intervention?

Accepted Answer

Administer 100% oxygen and place the patient in the left lateral Trendelenburg position

Answer

Place the patient in high Fowler's position and administer diuretics

Answer

Initiate CPR and call a code

Answer

Clamp the central line and place the patient supine