PCS Pediatric Conditions and Diagnoses Flashcards

Which type of cerebral palsy is characterized by increased muscle tone and is the most common form?

Answer: Spastic CP

Spastic cerebral palsy accounts for approximately 80% of all CP cases and is marked by hypertonia and stiff, awkward movements.

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) is most commonly caused by which chromosomal event?

Answer: Nondisjunction of chromosome 21

About 95% of Down syndrome cases result from nondisjunction of chromosome 21, producing three copies instead of two.

A key hallmark feature that distinguishes autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria is:

Answer: Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction plus restricted/repetitive behaviors

DSM-5 requires both social communication deficits AND restricted/repetitive behaviors for an ASD diagnosis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) follows which inheritance pattern?

Answer: X-linked recessive

DMD is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome and primarily affects males.

Which condition is characterized by a 'strawberry tongue,' high fever, rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy in young children and can lead to coronary artery aneurysms?

Answer: Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis primarily affecting children under 5 and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the US.

In children with spina bifida myelomeningocele, the level of the spinal lesion primarily determines:

Answer: The degree of motor and sensory loss below the lesion

The neurological level of the myelomeningocele lesion determines the extent of motor paralysis and sensory loss below that level.