PCS Pediatric Conditions and Diagnoses Flashcards

Which condition involves excessive, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain and often requires careful management during pediatric rehabilitation?

Answer: Epilepsy/seizure disorder

Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures due to abnormal neuronal electrical discharges and is common in children with neurological diagnoses.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is defined as arthritis lasting at least how long with onset before age 16?

Answer: 6 weeks

JIA requires joint inflammation present for at least 6 weeks with onset before age 16 to meet diagnostic criteria.

A premature infant born at 28 weeks gestation is at highest risk for which neurological complication?

Answer: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

IVH is the most common serious neurological complication in extremely premature infants due to fragile germinal matrix blood vessels.

Sickle cell disease causes pediatric pain crises primarily due to which pathophysiological mechanism?

Answer: Vascular occlusion from sickled erythrocytes blocking blood flow

Sickled red blood cells obstruct small blood vessels, causing ischemia and pain in a vaso-occlusive crisis.

Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the joints, skin (butterfly rash), kidneys, and other organs, and requires careful monitoring in pediatric patients?

Answer: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Pediatric SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organ systems, including the kidneys (nephritis) and skin.

In children diagnosed with ADHD, which brain region is most frequently implicated in executive function deficits?

Answer: Prefrontal cortex

The prefrontal cortex, responsible for planning, attention, and impulse control, shows reduced activity and delayed maturation in ADHD.