PCS Developmental Milestones and Neurodevelopment Flashcards

The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) classifies children across how many levels of motor function?

Answer: 5

The GMFCS uses 5 levels, from Level I (walks without limitations) to Level V (transported in a manual wheelchair).

Which developmental theory emphasizes that children learn through social interaction and the zone of proximal development?

Answer: Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory introduced the zone of proximal development, highlighting learning through guided social interaction.

A pediatric specialist notes a child has poor postural control and hypotonia. Which system is most likely affected?

Answer: Vestibular and proprioceptive systems

The vestibular system provides balance and postural information, while proprioception supports body-position awareness; deficits in both contribute to hypotonia and poor postural control.

At what age does the anterior fontanelle (soft spot) typically close in a healthy infant?

Answer: 12–18 months

The anterior fontanelle typically closes between 12 and 18 months as cranial bones fuse.

Which sensory processing pattern is characterized by a child who seeks intense sensory input and appears underresponsive to stimulation?

Answer: Sensory under-responsivity / sensory seeking

Sensory under-responsivity or sensory seeking involves a high threshold for sensory input, leading the child to seek additional stimulation.

When assessing an infant's muscle tone, increased resistance to passive movement throughout the range of motion is termed:

Answer: Hypertonia

Hypertonia is defined as increased muscle tone with greater-than-normal resistance to passive stretch.