PCS Developmental Milestones and Neurodevelopment Flashcards

Object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight, typically develops during which Piagetian stage?

Answer: Sensorimotor stage

Object permanence develops during the sensorimotor stage, typically around 8–12 months of age.

Which primitive reflex should be fully integrated by 6 months and, if persistent, may interfere with rolling and crawling?

Answer: Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

The ATNR should integrate by 4–6 months; persistence can inhibit midline crossing and bilateral coordination.

A child who cannot stack 2 blocks by 15 months may be showing a delay in which developmental domain?

Answer: Fine motor

Stacking 2 blocks by 15 months is a fine motor milestone reflecting hand-eye coordination and pincer grasp development.

Myelination of the central nervous system in children proceeds in which general direction?

Answer: Cephalic to caudal and proximal to distal

CNS myelination follows a cephalic-to-caudal and proximal-to-distal pattern, explaining the sequence of motor skill development.

By what age should a typically developing child use at least 50 words and begin combining two words?

Answer: 24 months

A vocabulary of 50+ words and two-word combinations (e.g., 'more milk') is expected by 24 months.

Which assessment tool is commonly used by pediatric specialists to measure functional motor abilities in children with neurological conditions?

Answer: GMFM (Gross Motor Function Measure)

The GMFM is validated specifically for children with conditions like cerebral palsy and Down syndrome to measure gross motor function.