PCS PCS Pediatric Conditions and Diagnoses 1

Question 1

Which type of cerebral palsy is characterized by increased muscle tone and is the most common form?

Accepted Answer

Spastic CP

Answer

Spastic cerebral palsy accounts for approximately 80% of all CP cases and is marked by hypertonia and stiff, awkward movements.

Question 2

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) is most commonly caused by which chromosomal event?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction of chromosome 21

Answer

About 95% of Down syndrome cases result from nondisjunction of chromosome 21, producing three copies instead of two.

Question 3

A key hallmark feature that distinguishes autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria is:

Accepted Answer

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction plus restricted/repetitive behaviors

Answer

DSM-5 requires both social communication deficits AND restricted/repetitive behaviors for an ASD diagnosis.

Question 4

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) follows which inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Answer

DMD is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome and primarily affects males.

Question 5

Which condition is characterized by a 'strawberry tongue,' high fever, rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy in young children and can lead to coronary artery aneurysms?

Accepted Answer

Kawasaki disease

Answer

Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis primarily affecting children under 5 and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the US.

PCS - Pediatric Certified Specialist Practice Test

PCS - Pediatric Certified Specialist Practice Test

PCS PCS Pediatric Conditions and Diagnoses 1