PCS PCS Pediatric Conditions and Diagnoses

Question 1

Which type of cerebral palsy is characterized by increased muscle tone and is the most common form?

Accepted Answer

Spastic CP

Answer

Dyskinetic CP

Answer

Ataxic CP

Answer

Mixed CP

Question 2

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) is most commonly caused by which chromosomal event?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction of chromosome 21

Answer

Translocation of chromosome 18

Answer

Deletion of chromosome 15

Answer

Duplication of chromosome 22

Question 3

A key hallmark feature that distinguishes autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria is:

Accepted Answer

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction plus restricted/repetitive behaviors

Answer

Intellectual disability in all cases

Answer

Onset exclusively after age 3

Answer

Requirement of speech delay for diagnosis

Question 4

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) follows which inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

Mitochondrial

Question 5

Which condition is characterized by a 'strawberry tongue,' high fever, rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy in young children and can lead to coronary artery aneurysms?

Accepted Answer

Kawasaki disease

Answer

Scarlet fever

Answer

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Answer

Roseola infantum

Question 6

In children with spina bifida myelomeningocele, the level of the spinal lesion primarily determines:

Accepted Answer

The degree of motor and sensory loss below the lesion

Answer

IQ and cognitive function

Answer

The risk of hydrocephalus only

Answer

The severity of bowel dysfunction only