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Bitwise Operations Flashcards

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  1. What is the result of the bitwise AND operation `10 & 12`?

    Answer: 8

    The binary representation of 10 is `1010` and for 12 is `1100`. The bitwise AND (`&`) operation compares each bit and returns 1 only if both bits are 1. Comparing `1010` and `1100` results in `1000`, which is the decimal number 8.

  2. What is the output of the bitwise OR operation `9 | 5`?

    Answer: 13

    The binary representation of 9 is `1001` and for 5 is `0101`. The bitwise OR (`|`) operation compares each bit and returns 1 if at least one of the bits is 1. Comparing `1001` and `0101` results in `1101`, which is the decimal number 13.

  3. What is the result of the bitwise XOR operation `13 ^ 7`?

    Answer: 10

    The binary representation of 13 is `1101` and for 7 is `0111`. The bitwise XOR (`^`) operation compares each bit and returns 1 only if the bits are different. Comparing `1101` and `0111` results in `1010`, which is the decimal number 10.

  4. What is the output of the bitwise NOT operation `~5`?

    Answer: -6

    The bitwise NOT (`~`) operator inverts all the bits of its operand. In Python, for an integer `x`, `~x` is equivalent to `-(x + 1)`. Therefore, `~5` is `-(5 + 1)`, which equals -6.

  5. What is the result of the bitwise left shift operation `6 << 2`?

    Answer: 24

    The binary representation of 6 is `110`. The left shift (`<<`) operator shifts the bits of the number to the left by the specified number of places, filling the new positions on the right with zeros. Shifting `110` left by 2 places results in `11000`, which is the decimal number 24.

  6. What is the output of the bitwise right shift operation `20 >> 1`?

    Answer: 10

    The binary representation of 20 is `10100`. The right shift (`>>`) operator shifts the bits of the number to the right by the specified number of places, discarding the bits that are shifted off. Shifting `10100` right by 1 place results in `1010`, which is the decimal number 10.

  7. What is the result of the following combination of bitwise operations? `print((7 | 2) & 10)`

    Answer: 2

    Following operator precedence, the expression in the parentheses is evaluated first. `7 | 2` (binary `0111 | 0010`) results in `0111`, which is 7. The expression then becomes `7 & 10`. `7` in binary is `0111` and `10` is `1010`. The result of `0111 & 1010` is `0010`, which is the decimal number 2.

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