NLN PAX (Pre-Admission Examination) — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Which of the following fractions is equivalent to 0.375?

3/8 (Correct answer)
1/4
3/7
2/5

Correct answer: 3/8

0.375 = 375/1000, which simplifies to 3/8.

Question 2: Which type of cell division produces gametes (sex cells)?

Mitosis
Binary fission
Budding
Meiosis (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Meiosis

Meiosis is the specialized cell division that produces haploid gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the normal chromosome number.

Question 3: What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms?

Hydrogen bond
Metallic bond
Ionic bond
Covalent bond (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Covalent bond

A covalent bond forms when two atoms share electrons to achieve a stable configuration.

Question 4: What does the symbol 'Na' represent on the periodic table?

Nitrogen
Sodium (Correct answer)
Neon
Nickel

Correct answer: Sodium

Na is the chemical symbol for sodium, derived from the Latin word 'natrium.'

Question 5: What is the meaning of the word 'palliate'?

To prevent infection
To cure completely
To relieve symptoms without curing (Correct answer)
To diagnose a condition

Correct answer: To relieve symptoms without curing

Palliate means to make the severity of a disease or pain less severe without removing the cause.

Question 6: What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines internal organs?

Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue (Correct answer)
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue

Correct answer: Epithelial tissue

Epithelial tissue forms the outer covering of the body and the lining of internal cavities and organs.

Question 7: How many questions are in the PAX Mathematics section?

50
40 (Correct answer)
60
30

Correct answer: 40

The PAX Mathematics section contains 40 questions covering arithmetic, algebra, and applied math.

Question 8: Select the answer choice that correctly provides the missing premise: _____________. Darlene is an automobile driver who breached the duty of care. Darlene was negligent.

All automobile drivers who breach the duty of care owed to others are negligent. (Correct answer)
All automobile drivers breach the duty of care to others.
All automobile drivers named Darlene are negligent.
All automobile drivers owe a duty of care to others.

Correct answer: All automobile drivers who breach the duty of care owed to others are negligent.

All motorists who fail to exercise the proper level of care are being negligent. The main premise must demonstrate a link between negligent driving and vehicle drivers who violate the duty of care in order to support the finding that Darlene was at fault.

Question 9: Select the correctly punctuated sentence.

The patient, although nervous, agreed to the procedure. (Correct answer)
The patient although nervous agreed to the procedure.
The patient, although nervous agreed, to the procedure.
The patient although, nervous agreed to the procedure.

Correct answer: The patient, although nervous, agreed to the procedure.

A parenthetical phrase like 'although nervous' must be set off with commas on both sides.

Question 10: Which word is closest in meaning to 'benevolent'?

Careless
Kind (Correct answer)
Stubborn
Hostile

Correct answer: Kind

Benevolent means well-meaning and kindly, so 'kind' is the closest synonym.

Question 11: A student scored 78, 85, 90, and 95 on four tests. What is the average score?

86
89
88
87 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 87

(78 + 85 + 90 + 95) ÷ 4 = 348 ÷ 4 = 87.

Question 12: In reading comprehension, an 'inference' is best defined as:

A conclusion drawn from evidence not explicitly stated (Correct answer)
A summary of the main idea
A definition of a vocabulary word
A direct quote from the text

Correct answer: A conclusion drawn from evidence not explicitly stated

An inference requires the reader to use textual clues and prior knowledge to reach an unstated conclusion.

Question 13: What does the root word 'cardio' mean?

Blood
Heart (Correct answer)
Bone
Lung

Correct answer: Heart

The root 'cardio' comes from the Greek word for heart and is used in terms like cardiology and cardiovascular.

Question 14: Which organ produces insulin?

Kidney
Liver
Adrenal gland
Pancreas (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Pancreas

The pancreas produces insulin from beta cells in the islets of Langerhans to regulate blood glucose levels.

Question 15: Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Active transport of ions against a gradient
Diffusion of gases across a membrane
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration (Correct answer)
Movement of solutes from low to high concentration

Correct answer: Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane toward higher solute concentration.

Question 16: In which layer of the skin are sweat glands and hair follicles found?

Hypodermis
Dermis (Correct answer)
Stratum corneum
Epidermis

Correct answer: Dermis

The dermis contains sweat glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings.

Question 17: Scientists have proposed that ____ are the evolutionary ancestors of protists that resemble plants, such as red and green algae, based on DNA analysis.

Animal-like protists
Fungus-like protists
Cyanobacteria (Correct answer)
Plants
Fungus

Correct answer: Cyanobacteria

DNA analysis indicates cyanobacteria, photosynthetic prokaryotes, are the evolutionary ancestors of plant-like protists such as red and green algae, having given rise to chloroplasts through endosymbiosis. The other options are either the descendants themselves or unrelated (fungus-like or animal-like) groups.

Question 18: Which nursing program admission requirement is the PAX commonly used for?

BSN programs only
Graduate nursing programs only
LPN, ADN, and some BSN programs (Correct answer)
LPN and ADN programs only

Correct answer: LPN, ADN, and some BSN programs

The PAX exam is widely used for admission to LPN, ADN, and some BSN nursing programs across the United States.

Question 19: What is the purpose of practice tests when preparing for the PAX?

They guarantee a passing score
They simulate exam conditions and identify knowledge gaps (Correct answer)
They only assess vocabulary
They replace reading the study guide

Correct answer: They simulate exam conditions and identify knowledge gaps

Practice tests help familiarize you with the PAX format, build test-taking stamina, and reveal areas that need more study.

Question 20: An acid and a base react to form water and a salt. This type of reaction is called:

Neutralization (Correct answer)
Reduction
Decomposition
Oxidation

Correct answer: Neutralization

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to produce water and a salt.

Question 21: What is osmosis?

Breakdown of glucose for energy
Active transport of ions into the cell
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration (Correct answer)
Movement of solutes from high to low concentration

Correct answer: Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

Osmosis is the passive movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

Question 22: What score range does the PAX exam use for reporting results?

Letter grades A–F
0–100 raw score only
200–800 scaled score
Standard scores based on percentile rankings (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Standard scores based on percentile rankings

The PAX reports standard scores and percentile rankings so schools can compare applicants across different test forms.

Question 23: The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction is:

Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine (Correct answer)
Serotonin
Dopamine

Correct answer: Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that triggers muscle fiber contraction at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 24: What does the word 'empathy' mean?

Ignoring emotional needs
Understanding and sharing another's feelings (Correct answer)
Feeling superior to others
Giving medical advice

Correct answer: Understanding and sharing another's feelings

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.

Question 25: Which sentence or paragraph in the excerpt below needs to be modified for spelling, punctuation, word choice, or length?

because he had not written
He found it difficult
to write a satisfying end to the story
a deeply-engrossing beginning. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: a deeply-engrossing beginning.

The phrase 'a deeply-engrossing beginning' needs modification because adverbs ending in -ly, such as 'deeply,' do not typically take a hyphen when forming a compound adjective with the word they modify. Therefore, the correct phrasing should be 'a deeply engrossing beginning' without the hyphen. This adheres to standard English hyphenation rules for compound modifiers.

Question 26: Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and sweat glands?

Stratum corneum
Hypodermis
Dermis (Correct answer)
Epidermis

Correct answer: Dermis

The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and hair follicles.

Question 27: Shields the stomach wall from the gastric juices' acidity.

Cilia
Immune
Mucus (Correct answer)
Saliva

Correct answer: Mucus

Mucus is the substance that protects the stomach wall from the acidity of gastric juices. The stomach lining produces a layer of mucus that covers its inner surface, acting as a protective barrier. Gastric juices, which include hydrochloric acid and enzymes, are secreted by the stomach to aid in digestion. However, these juices are highly acidic and can potentially damage the stomach wall. The mucus layer acts as a physical barrier, preventing direct contact between the gastric juices and the stomach lining. It helps to maintain a suitable pH and protect the stomach tissues from the corrosive effects of the acidic environment.

Question 28: What is the primary function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?

Produce clotting factors
Defend against infection (Correct answer)
Transport oxygen
Carry carbon dioxide

Correct answer: Defend against infection

White blood cells are the main components of the immune system, defending the body against bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Question 29: Out of 222, what percentage is 122?

30 percent
64 percent
50 percent
55 percent (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 55 percent

To calculate the percentage of 122 out of 222, you can use the following formula: (122 / 222) * 100 Dividing 122 by 222 gives us 0.5495. Multiplying this by 100 gives us 54.95. Therefore, 122 out of 222 is approximately 54.95 percent.

Question 30: What is the correct order of Earth's layers from the surface to the center?

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core (Correct answer)
Crust, Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle
Crust, Outer Core, Mantle, Inner Core
Mantle, Crust, Outer Core, Inner Core

Correct answer: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

Earth's layers from surface to center are: crust, mantle, outer core (liquid), and inner core (solid).

Question 31: If a car travels at 60 mph, how far does it travel in 2.5 hours?

130 miles
120 miles
180 miles
150 miles (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 150 miles

Distance = speed × time = 60 × 2.5 = 150 miles.

Question 32: A patient's heart rate is 52 beats per minute. Which term best describes this finding?

Bradycardia (Correct answer)
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia

Correct answer: Bradycardia

Bradycardia refers to a heart rate below 60 beats per minute.

Question 33: What type of plate boundary forms when two continental plates collide?

Transform boundary
Convergent boundary (Correct answer)
Passive boundary
Divergent boundary

Correct answer: Convergent boundary

Convergent boundaries form when two plates move toward each other; colliding continental plates create mountain ranges like the Himalayas.

Question 34: Simplify: (4 + 6) × 3 − 2²

26 (Correct answer)
22
28
34

Correct answer: 26

Following order of operations: (4+6)=10, 2²=4; 10×3=30; 30−4=26.

Question 35: A rectangle has a length of 12 cm and a width of 7 cm. What is its area?

84 cm² (Correct answer)
76 cm²
38 cm²
19 cm²

Correct answer: 84 cm²

Area = length × width = 12 × 7 = 84 cm².

Question 36: Which sentence uses the word 'adverse' correctly?

He was adverse the window.
She had an adverse reaction to the medication. (Correct answer)
The adverse was large.
They adverse quickly.

Correct answer: She had an adverse reaction to the medication.

Adverse means unfavorable or harmful, and is correctly used to describe a negative reaction to medication.

Question 37: What is 15% of 240?

34
36 (Correct answer)
38
40

Correct answer: 36

15% of 240 = 0.15 × 240 = 36.

Question 38: Identify the synonym for 'lethargic.'

Energetic
Anxious
Sluggish (Correct answer)
Alert

Correct answer: Sluggish

Lethargic means sluggish, drowsy, or lacking energy.

Question 39: Which word is a synonym for 'benign'?

Harmful
Chronic
Harmless (Correct answer)
Severe

Correct answer: Harmless

'Benign' means harmless or not threatening to health, making 'harmless' the correct synonym.

Question 40: Situated underneath the brain. role is to keep posture and balance while also coordinating muscular action.

Hypothalamus
Cerebellum (Correct answer)
Corpus callosum
Thalamus

Correct answer: Cerebellum

The structure you are referring to is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is located under the cerebrum, towards the back of the brain. It is responsible for coordinating muscle movement and plays a crucial role in maintaining posture and balance.

Question 41: What happens to the volume of a gas when temperature increases at constant pressure (Charles's Law)?

Volume decreases
Volume stays the same
Pressure increases
Volume increases (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Volume increases

According to Charles's Law, volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure, so volume increases as temperature rises.

Question 42: Select the correctly spelled word.

Occurrance
Occurance
Occurrence (Correct answer)
Occurence

Correct answer: Occurrence

The correct spelling is 'occurrence,' with double 'c' and double 'r.'

Question 43: The human body has how many pairs of chromosomes?

46
22
23 (Correct answer)
21

Correct answer: 23

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total), with one chromosome in each pair inherited from each parent.

Question 44: What is the perimeter of a square with a side length of 9 inches?

27 inches
81 inches
45 inches
36 inches (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 36 inches

Perimeter of a square = 4 × side length = 4 × 9 = 36 inches.

Question 45: Order from least to greatest: 2/3, 0.6, 5/8

0.6, 2/3, 5/8
0.6, 5/8, 2/3 (Correct answer)
2/3, 0.6, 5/8
5/8, 0.6, 2/3

Correct answer: 0.6, 5/8, 2/3

Converting: 0.6 = 0.600, 5/8 = 0.625, 2/3 ≈ 0.667; so the order is 0.6, 5/8, 2/3.

Question 46: Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing the cell with energy.

Question 47: Which molecule carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome?

rRNA
mRNA (Correct answer)
DNA
tRNA

Correct answer: mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized.

Question 48: What type of energy does a moving object possess?

Chemical energy
Kinetic energy (Correct answer)
Potential energy
Thermal energy

Correct answer: Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion; it depends on the object's mass and velocity.

Question 49: Which part of the cell contains the genetic information?

Nucleus (Correct answer)
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: Nucleus

The nucleus houses DNA, the cell's genetic material.

Question 50: They thought that would damage American soldiers and make the South Vietnamese lose faith in their government.

They hoped the South Vietnamese would lose faith in their government and wanted to deal a blow to United States forces (Correct answer)
They hoped that to cause the South Vietnamese to lose faith in their government and to deal a blow to United States forces.
They hoped that causing the South Vietnamese to lose faith in their government, and to deal a blow to United States forces.
They wanted the South Vietnamese to lose faith in their government and to deal a blow to United States forces

Correct answer: They hoped the South Vietnamese would lose faith in their government and wanted to deal a blow to United States forces

The correct answer, D, improves the sentence by using parallel structure and clearer phrasing. It uses two distinct but parallel verb phrases, 'hoped the South Vietnamese would lose faith' and 'wanted to deal a blow,' to express the two desired outcomes. This avoids the awkwardness and grammatical issues present in the other options, making the sentence more concise and understandable.

Question 51: Which sentence is grammatically correct?

The patients chart' was updated.
The patients chart was updated.
The patient's chart was updated. (Correct answer)
The patients' chart was updated.

Correct answer: The patient's chart was updated.

An apostrophe before the 's' (patient's) shows singular possession, indicating the chart belongs to one patient.

Question 52: Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

AB positive
B negative
O negative (Correct answer)
A positive

Correct answer: O negative

O negative blood has no A, B, or Rh antigens, making it compatible with all blood types.

Question 53: A nurse works 8-hour shifts. If she works 5 shifts per week, how many hours does she work in 4 weeks?

200 hours
160 hours (Correct answer)
180 hours
120 hours

Correct answer: 160 hours

8 hours × 5 shifts = 40 hours per week; 40 × 4 = 160 hours in 4 weeks.

Question 54: The word 'tachycardia' uses which root meaning 'fast'?

cardio
tachy (Correct answer)
brady
emia

Correct answer: tachy

'Tachy-' is the Greek prefix meaning fast, as in tachycardia (fast heart rate).

Question 55: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Golgi apparatus
Ribosome
Mitochondria (Correct answer)
Nucleus

Correct answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP.

Question 56: What is the atomic number of carbon?

4
6 (Correct answer)
8
12

Correct answer: 6

Carbon has 6 protons, so its atomic number is 6.

Question 57: Consists of the medulla, pons, and midbrain. links the spinal cord to the brain and the cerebellum. carries out a variety of autonomic processes, including breathing, heartbeat, body temperature, wake-and-sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing. Here, 10 or 12 cranial nerves start.

Limbic system
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Brainstem (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Brainstem

The brainstem is the structure that includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla. It serves as a crucial connection between the cerebrum (the largest part of the brain) and the spinal cord. The brainstem performs a variety of vital functions and controls many automatic processes in the body.

Question 58: Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Electron (Correct answer)
Neutron
Proton
Nucleus

Correct answer: Electron

Electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the nucleus of an atom.

Question 59: A patient receives 2.5 mg of a medication every 6 hours. How many mg does the patient receive in one day (24 hours)?

15 mg
7.5 mg
12.5 mg
10 mg (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 10 mg

24 ÷ 6 = 4 doses per day; 4 × 2.5 = 10 mg total.

Question 60: What is the function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

Transport oxygen (Correct answer)
Produce antibodies
Fight infection
Aid in clotting

Correct answer: Transport oxygen

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and transports it throughout the body.

Question 61: If 5 is 20% of a number, what is the number?

20
30
25 (Correct answer)
10

Correct answer: 25

20% of x = 5 → 0.20x = 5 → x = 5 ÷ 0.20 = 25.

Question 62: What does the suffix '-itis' indicate?

Study of
Surgical removal
Disease
Inflammation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Inflammation

The suffix '-itis' means inflammation, as seen in appendicitis (inflamed appendix) and tonsillitis (inflamed tonsils).

Question 63: Which of the following has the lowest pH?

Baking soda solution (pH 8.5)
Black coffee (pH 5)
Milk (pH 6.5)
Orange juice (pH 3.5) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Orange juice (pH 3.5)

The lower the pH number, the more acidic the substance; orange juice at pH 3.5 is the most acidic option.

Question 64: The evolutionary ancestor of both fungus and plants, according to scientists, was:

Animals
Protists (Correct answer)
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Monera

Correct answer: Protists

Scientists hypothesize that the evolutionary ancestor of both plants and fungi was a group of protists. Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms that do not fit into the kingdoms of animals, plants, or fungi. They exhibit a wide range of characteristics and lifestyles, including photosynthetic capabilities like plants and heterotrophic modes like fungi. The common ancestor of plants and fungi is believed to have diverged from a protist ancestor, eventually leading to the evolution of distinct lineages for plants and fungi.

Question 65: Which of the following is an example of a mixture?

Saltwater solution (Correct answer)
Pure water
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Salt (NaCl)

Correct answer: Saltwater solution

Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture where salt is dissolved in water; both components retain their chemical properties.

Question 66: Which study resource is specifically designed to help students prepare for the NLN PAX exam?

NCLEX-RN prep books
GRE prep courses
NLN PAX Official Study Guide (Correct answer)
MCAT preparation materials

Correct answer: NLN PAX Official Study Guide

The NLN publishes an official PAX study guide with practice questions and content aligned to the actual exam.

Question 67: What type of rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies?

Metamorphic
Composite
Igneous (Correct answer)
Sedimentary

Correct answer: Igneous

Igneous rock forms when magma (underground) or lava (at the surface) cools and solidifies.

Question 68: If a patient's temperature is 100.4°F, what is it in Celsius? (C = (F − 32) × 5/9)

38.0°C (Correct answer)
39.0°C
36.5°C
37.0°C

Correct answer: 38.0°C

(100.4 − 32) × 5/9 = 68.4 × 5/9 = 38.0°C.

Question 69: The PAX exam is created by which organization?

NLN (National League for Nursing) (Correct answer)
NCSBN
ANA
NCLEX

Correct answer: NLN (National League for Nursing)

The PAX (Pre-Admission Examination) is developed and administered by the National League for Nursing (NLN).

Question 70: As a result, etiquette guidelines vary depending on where a person resides.

Therefore, the etiquette rules differs
Therefore the etiquette rules differ
Therefore, the etiquette rules differ (Correct answer)
Therefore the etiquette rules differs

Correct answer: Therefore, the etiquette rules differ

The correct answer demonstrates proper punctuation and subject-verb agreement. An introductory adverb like 'Therefore' should be followed by a comma to separate it from the main clause. Additionally, the subject 'rules' is plural, requiring the plural verb 'differ' rather than 'differs,' which would be used with a singular subject.

Question 71: Where does photosynthesis primarily occur in plant cells?

Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis, converting sunlight into glucose.

Question 72: In the sentence 'The nurse administered the medication carefully,' the word 'carefully' functions as a:

Preposition
Adjective
Conjunction
Adverb (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Adverb

Carefully modifies the verb 'administered,' making it an adverb.

Question 73: Which word means 'to make something less severe'?

Mitigate (Correct answer)
Exacerbate
Amplify
Intensify

Correct answer: Mitigate

Mitigate means to make something less severe, serious, or painful.

Question 74: Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?

Hinge joint
Saddle joint
Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
Pivot joint

Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint

Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, permit movement in multiple planes.

Question 75: Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the heart?

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Cardiac muscle (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cardiac muscle

The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is involuntary and striated.

Question 76: What is the unit of electric current?

Watt
Volt
Ohm
Ampere (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ampere

The ampere (amp) is the SI unit of electric current, measuring the flow of electric charge.

Question 77: Writing down chemical processes is called .

From top to bottom
It doesn't matter how you write a chemical reaction.
From left to right (Correct answer)
From right to left

Correct answer: From left to right

Chemical reactions are typically written from left to right. The reactants, which are the substances that undergo a chemical change, are written on the left side of the reaction arrow. The products, which are the new substances formed as a result of the reaction, are written on the right side of the arrow. The arrow itself represents the direction of the reaction.

Question 78: A solution has a pH of 3. Which statement best describes this solution?

It is weakly basic
It is strongly basic
It is strongly acidic (Correct answer)
It is neutral

Correct answer: It is strongly acidic

A pH of 3 is well below 7, indicating a strongly acidic solution.

Question 79: How many questions are in the PAX Verbal section?

60 (Correct answer)
30
40
80

Correct answer: 60

The PAX Verbal section contains 60 questions covering word knowledge and reading comprehension.

Question 80: Particularly if they are eating with their fingers, people should only eat with their right hands.

they’re
their (Correct answer)
theyre
there

Correct answer: their

The word 'their' is the correct possessive pronoun needed in this sentence, indicating that the hands belong to 'people.' The other options are homophones: 'they're' is a contraction of 'they are,' and 'there' refers to a place or introduces a sentence. Using 'their' correctly conveys possession and maintains grammatical accuracy.

Question 81: What is the meaning of the prefix 'hypo-'?

Around
Above
Below or deficient (Correct answer)
Excessive

Correct answer: Below or deficient

The prefix 'hypo-' means below or deficient, as in hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hypothermia (low body temperature).

Question 82: What is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere?

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen (Correct answer)
Argon

Correct answer: Nitrogen

Nitrogen (N₂) makes up approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere, while oxygen accounts for about 21%.

Question 83: Which of the following is a chemical change?

Ice melting
Glass breaking
Salt dissolving in water
Wood burning (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Wood burning

Burning wood is a chemical change because it produces new substances (ash, CO₂, water vapor) that cannot be reversed.

Question 84: If a car travels 240 miles in 4 hours, what is its average speed?

65 mph
50 mph
55 mph
60 mph (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 60 mph

Speed = distance ÷ time = 240 ÷ 4 = 60 mph.

Question 85: A hospital uses 3/4 of its 480 available beds. How many beds are occupied?

400
360 (Correct answer)
320
380

Correct answer: 360

3/4 × 480 = 360 beds occupied.

Question 86: Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Pumping blood (Correct answer)
Detoxification
Production of bile
Glucose storage

Correct answer: Pumping blood

Pumping blood is the function of the heart; the liver detoxifies, produces bile, and stores glycogen.

Question 87: Choose the word that best completes the sentence: 'The nurse spoke to the patient in a ______ tone to help calm her fears.'

Abrasive
Soothing (Correct answer)
Indifferent
Demanding

Correct answer: Soothing

A soothing tone is calm and reassuring, which is appropriate for calming a fearful patient.

Question 88: Why does activation energy exist?

The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed (Correct answer)
The transition state between reactants and products
The total change in energy of a chemical reaction
A molecule that lowers the barrier to a reaction proceeding

Correct answer: The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur and for the reactant molecules to transform into products. It represents the energy barrier that must be overcome for the reaction to proceed.

Question 89: Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and intestines?

Smooth muscle (Correct answer)
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle
Cardiac muscle

Correct answer: Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines the walls of hollow organs throughout the body.

Question 90: What happens during an exothermic reaction?

Energy is absorbed from the surroundings
No energy change occurs
Energy is released to the surroundings (Correct answer)
Temperature decreases

Correct answer: Energy is released to the surroundings

Exothermic reactions release energy (usually heat) to the surroundings, causing the temperature to rise.

Question 91: Which fraction is equivalent to 0.625?

1/2
5/8 (Correct answer)
2/3
3/4

Correct answer: 5/8

0.625 = 625/1000 = 5/8 when reduced to lowest terms.

Question 92: What is Newton's First Law of Motion?

Energy is neither created nor destroyed
An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an external force (Correct answer)
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Force equals mass times acceleration

Correct answer: An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an external force

Newton's First Law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force (law of inertia).

Question 93: What does the term 'homeostasis' refer to?

Breakdown of nutrients in the digestive tract
The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment (Correct answer)
Rapid cell division
Formation of new blood cells

Correct answer: The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment

Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment (e.g., temperature, pH, glucose levels) despite external changes.

Question 94: Which process in the water cycle involves liquid water changing into water vapor?

Infiltration
Condensation
Precipitation
Evaporation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Evaporation

Evaporation occurs when liquid water absorbs heat energy and transforms into water vapor, rising into the atmosphere.

Question 95: What is the approximate pH of healthy human blood?

6.4
7.4 (Correct answer)
8.0
7.0

Correct answer: 7.4

Normal blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45, with 7.4 as the standard reference.

Question 96: Situated on the right ventricle's floor. The autonomic nervous system, which has complete control, regulates functions including appetite, thirst, sleep, and sexual response. also controls hormone secretion, emotions, blood pressure, and body temperature.

Pituitary Gland
Vacuole
Hypothalamus (Correct answer)
Cerebellum

Correct answer: Hypothalamus

The structure you are referring to is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a small region located at the base of the brain, specifically on the floor of the third ventricle. It plays a vital role as the master control center of the autonomic nervous system and is involved in regulating numerous essential functions in the body.

Question 97: How should you manage your time effectively during the PAX exam?

Focus all time on the first section
Keep track of time, move on from difficult questions, and return if time allows (Correct answer)
Spend as long as needed on every question
Spend at least 10 minutes on each question

Correct answer: Keep track of time, move on from difficult questions, and return if time allows

Effective PAX time management involves pacing yourself, not getting stuck on hard questions, and using remaining time to revisit skipped items.

Question 98: What is 15% of 240?

36 (Correct answer)
48
40
30

Correct answer: 36

15% of 240 = 0.15 × 240 = 36.

Question 99: Which of the following is an example of a metaphor?

Life is a journey. (Correct answer)
The stars were like diamonds.
He shouted loudly.
She runs as fast as a cheetah.

Correct answer: Life is a journey.

A metaphor makes a direct comparison without using 'like' or 'as,' as in 'Life is a journey.'

Question 100: In only five minutes, a burrito artist can create 14 burritos. In one hour, how many burritos can she produce?

70
140
60
840
168 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 168

To find out how many burritos the burrito artist can make in one hour, we need to determine the number of 5-minute intervals in an hour. There are 60 minutes in an hour, and since the artist can make 14 burritos in 5 minutes, the number of burritos made in one hour can be calculated as follows: Number of burritos in one hour = (Number of burritos in 5 minutes) * (Number of 5-minute intervals in an hour) Number of burritos in one hour = 14 * (60 / 5) Number of burritos in one hour = 14 * 12 Number of burritos in one hour = 168 Therefore, the burrito artist can make 168 burritos in one hour.

Question 101: What is the value of 2³ × 4?

48
24
32 (Correct answer)
16

Correct answer: 32

2³ = 8, and 8 × 4 = 32.

Question 102: What is the best strategy when you are unsure about a PAX exam question?

Eliminate wrong answers and make an educated guess (Correct answer)
Always choose the longest answer
Leave it blank
Skip it and never return

Correct answer: Eliminate wrong answers and make an educated guess

Since there is no penalty for guessing on the PAX, using process of elimination to narrow choices and then guessing improves your odds.

Question 103: Which element has the chemical symbol 'Na'?

Nitrogen
Sodium (Correct answer)
Neon
Nickel

Correct answer: Sodium

Na is the chemical symbol for sodium, derived from the Latin word 'natrium.'

Question 104: Which state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?

Plasma
Liquid (Correct answer)
Solid
Gas

Correct answer: Liquid

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container because their molecules can flow.

Question 105: Used to represent squared and cubed roots.

Radical (Correct answer)
Liberal
Extremist
Incremental

Correct answer: Radical

The symbol used to represent square roots and cube roots, as well as other types of roots, is called the radical symbol. It is represented by the symbol √.

Question 106: Which is the most effective study strategy for improving PAX math scores?

Practicing problems daily and reviewing mistakes (Correct answer)
Memorizing formulas without practicing problems
Reading math textbooks only
Focusing only on advanced calculus

Correct answer: Practicing problems daily and reviewing mistakes

Consistent daily practice and thoroughly reviewing errors is proven to be the most effective way to improve math performance.

Question 107: What is the ratio of 18 to 27 in simplest form?

2:3 (Correct answer)
9:13
3:4
6:9

Correct answer: 2:3

GCF of 18 and 27 is 9; 18÷9 = 2, 27÷9 = 3, so ratio is 2:3.

Question 108: Genetic material exchanged during prophase 1 of meiosis between homologous chromosomes.

Steps of meiosis
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Crossing over (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Crossing over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, and it is a key source of genetic variation. The other options ('steps of meiosis,' 'parietal lobe,' 'frontal lobe') don't name this specific exchange process.

Question 109: Which process converts glucose into pyruvate without using oxygen?

Electron transport chain
Glycolysis (Correct answer)
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Correct answer: Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the anaerobic breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm.

Question 110: How many sections does the PAX exam consist of?

Four: Verbal, Math, Science, and Writing
Two: Science and Critical Thinking
Two: Verbal and Math
Three: Verbal, Math, and Science (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Three: Verbal, Math, and Science

The PAX exam has three sections: Verbal (60 questions), Mathematics (40 questions), and Science (60 questions).

Question 111: A solution contains 20g of solute dissolved in 500 mL of solution. What is the concentration in g/mL?

0.004 g/mL
0.04 g/mL (Correct answer)
0.4 g/mL
4 g/mL

Correct answer: 0.04 g/mL

Concentration = 20g ÷ 500 mL = 0.04 g/mL.

Question 112: What is a 'composite score' on the PAX exam?

Only the math sub-score
The science section score alone
A combined score derived from all three section scores (Correct answer)
The total number of correct answers

Correct answer: A combined score derived from all three section scores

The PAX composite score is calculated from the verbal, math, and science section scores combined, used by nursing schools for admissions.

Question 113: Which of the following fractions is equivalent to 0.375?

3/8 (Correct answer)
2/5
1/4
3/7

Correct answer: 3/8

0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8 when simplified.

Question 114: A medication is available as 500 mg per 5 mL. How many mL are needed for a 750 mg dose?

6 mL
7.5 mL (Correct answer)
10 mL
5 mL

Correct answer: 7.5 mL

Dose ratio: 750 mg ÷ 500 mg × 5 mL = 7.5 mL.

Question 115: Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Gas exchange (Correct answer)
Nutrient absorption
Waste filtration
Hormone regulation

Correct answer: Gas exchange

The respiratory system facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

Question 116: Which organ system is responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Endocrine system
Respiratory system (Correct answer)
Lymphatic system
Digestive system

Correct answer: Respiratory system

The respiratory system, including the lungs and airways, facilitates gas exchange between the blood and the environment.

Question 117: What is the key difference between the PAX exam and the TEAS exam?

They are identical tests with different names
The PAX is only for LPN programs
The TEAS has no science section
The PAX is made by NLN; TEAS is made by ATI — both test nursing school readiness but are different exams (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The PAX is made by NLN; TEAS is made by ATI — both test nursing school readiness but are different exams

The PAX is published by the National League for Nursing (NLN) and the TEAS is published by ATI; both assess academic readiness for nursing school but are distinct exams used by different programs.

Question 118: What is the formula for calculating density?

Density = Mass × Volume
Density = Volume / Mass
Density = Mass + Volume
Density = Mass / Volume (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Density = Mass / Volume

Density is defined as mass divided by volume (D = m/V) and is typically expressed in g/cm³ or g/mL.

Question 119: A medication order reads: give 0.5 mg. The available tablets are 0.25 mg each. How many tablets should be administered?

3 tablets
2 tablets (Correct answer)
1 tablet
1.5 tablets

Correct answer: 2 tablets

0.5 mg ÷ 0.25 mg per tablet = 2 tablets.

Question 120: Which is true about PAX exam retake policies?

There is a mandatory 5-year wait between retakes
Retake policies are set by each individual nursing school (Correct answer)
You can retake it immediately the next day
The NLN prohibits all retakes

Correct answer: Retake policies are set by each individual nursing school

The NLN allows retakes but each nursing program sets its own policies regarding waiting periods and how many times a student may retake the PAX.

Question 121: What is the speed of light in a vacuum approximately equal to?

150,000 km/s
30,000 km/s
300,000 km/s (Correct answer)
3,000 km/s

Correct answer: 300,000 km/s

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 300,000 km/s (3 × 10⁸ m/s).

Question 122: What is the process called when water vapor cools and changes into liquid water?

Sublimation
Evaporation
Condensation (Correct answer)
Precipitation

Correct answer: Condensation

Condensation is the process by which water vapor loses energy and changes into liquid water, forming clouds or dew.

Question 123: Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: 'Each of the students _____ required to submit a form.'

is (Correct answer)
were
have been
are

Correct answer: is

'Each' is a singular indefinite pronoun and takes the singular verb 'is.'

Question 124: Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

Troposphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere (Correct answer)
Mesosphere

Correct answer: Stratosphere

The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, approximately 15–35 km above Earth's surface, where it absorbs harmful UV radiation.

Question 125: What is the role of DNA in a cell?

Store genetic information (Correct answer)
Produce hormones
Transport nutrients
Supply energy

Correct answer: Store genetic information

DNA stores the genetic blueprint that directs the synthesis of proteins and controls cell functions.

Question 126: Solve for x: 3x + 9 = 24

x = 5 (Correct answer)
x = 3
x = 7
x = 11

Correct answer: x = 5

Subtract 9 from both sides: 3x = 15; divide by 3: x = 5.

Question 127: What does the medical prefix 'brady-' mean?

Normal
Fast
Irregular
Slow (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Slow

Brady- means slow; for example, bradycardia is an abnormally slow heart rate.

Question 128: Which of the following is a compound sentence?

The nurse checked the vitals.
She took the blood pressure, and she recorded the results. (Correct answer)
After checking vitals.
Running to the nurses station.

Correct answer: She took the blood pressure, and she recorded the results.

A compound sentence joins two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction such as 'and.'

Question 129: Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering waste products from the blood?

Kidney (Correct answer)
Pancreas
Liver
Spleen

Correct answer: Kidney

The kidneys filter waste and excess substances from the blood to form urine.

Question 130: What should you do the night before the PAX exam to optimize performance?

Cram as many new topics as possible
Study all night to maximize review
Rest, review key concepts briefly, and prepare materials (Correct answer)
Skip dinner to avoid fatigue

Correct answer: Rest, review key concepts briefly, and prepare materials

Getting adequate sleep and doing a light review the night before, while organizing test-day materials, is the most effective preparation strategy.

Question 131: To coordinate movements of fins, such as those of the fingertip, nuclei cooperate with the cerebellum.

Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Basal ganglia (Correct answer)
Cerebellum

Correct answer: Basal ganglia

The basal ganglia, a group of structures located deep within the brain, work in coordination with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motions, including fingertip movements.

Question 132: What is the basic unit of life?

Atom
Organ
Tissue
Cell (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cell

The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Question 133: In the sentence 'The nurse administered the medication carefully,' what is the adverb?

carefully (Correct answer)
nurse
administered
medication

Correct answer: carefully

'Carefully' modifies the verb 'administered,' making it an adverb.

Question 134: Which blood cells are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body?

Plasma cells
Platelets
Red blood cells (Correct answer)
White blood cells

Correct answer: Red blood cells

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen.

Question 135: Choose the word that best replaces 'ambiguous' in this sentence: 'The instructions were ambiguous and hard to follow.'

Simple
Clear
Detailed
Unclear (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Unclear

Ambiguous means unclear or open to more than one interpretation, so 'unclear' is the best replacement.

Question 136: If a PAX science question asks about an unfamiliar topic, what is the best approach?

Use background knowledge to eliminate unlikely options and make a reasoned guess (Correct answer)
Always select the first option
Leave it blank
Guess randomly without eliminating any choices

Correct answer: Use background knowledge to eliminate unlikely options and make a reasoned guess

Using related knowledge to eliminate clearly wrong answers and then making an educated guess increases your chance of selecting the correct answer.

Question 137: What is the square root of 144?

12 (Correct answer)
13
11
14

Correct answer: 12

√144 = 12, because 12 × 12 = 144.

Question 138: A student scored 78, 85, 92, and 89 on four PAX practice tests. What is their average score?

85
83
88
86 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 86

(78+85+92+89) ÷ 4 = 344 ÷ 4 = 86.

Question 139: According to a United Nations investigation from 1969, there may be significant oil deposits close to the islands in the East China Sea.

islands’ (Correct answer)
islands
island’s
islands’s

Correct answer: islands’

By combining an apostrophe with the letter s, an apostrophe can indicate a noun's possessive case. An apostrophe can be used to denote a plural noun or a noun with a s at the end. The plural version of the term should contain an apostrophe after s because the paragraph mentions many islands.

Question 140: Which of the following is an antonym of 'chronic'?

Prolonged
Acute (Correct answer)
Recurring
Persistent

Correct answer: Acute

Chronic means long-lasting, while acute refers to a condition that is severe but short in duration.

Question 141: What percentage of 250 is 50?

20% (Correct answer)
15%
25%
10%

Correct answer: 20%

50 ÷ 250 × 100 = 20%.

Question 142: What is the atomic number of an element?

The number of neutrons in the nucleus
The number of electrons in the outer shell
The number of protons in the nucleus (Correct answer)
The total mass of the atom

Correct answer: The number of protons in the nucleus

The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom's nucleus and identifies the element.

Question 143: Select the answer choice that correctly completes the following: Some human beings are mortal. Plato is a human being.

Plato may need a will
Plato may be mortal (Correct answer)
Some human beings are Plato
Some mortals are human beings

Correct answer: Plato may be mortal

This question tests deductive reasoning, a fundamental logical process. The first premise establishes a general truth: all human beings are mortal. The second premise identifies Plato as a specific instance of a human being. Therefore, it logically follows that Plato must also possess the characteristic of being mortal, making the conclusion a direct deduction from the given statements.

Question 144: Which word correctly fills the blank? 'The doctor noted the patient's ______ breathing pattern.'

Erratic (Correct answer)
Erratical
Erraticly
Erratically

Correct answer: Erratic

Erratic is the adjective form needed to modify the noun 'breathing pattern.'

Question 145: What does a higher PAX percentile score indicate?

You answered more questions than others
You used more test time than peers
You answered all questions correctly
You scored higher than that percentage of all test-takers (Correct answer)

Correct answer: You scored higher than that percentage of all test-takers

A percentile rank of 80 means you scored higher than 80% of the comparison group who took the same test.

Question 146: Choose the correct homophone: 'The patient's ______ was checked every hour.'

Pulse/Puls
Pulse (Correct answer)
Puls
Pulce

Correct answer: Pulse

The correct spelling for the rate of heartbeat felt at an artery is 'pulse.'

Question 147: If x + 7 = 15, what is the value of 3x?

8
24 (Correct answer)
21
45

Correct answer: 24

x = 15 − 7 = 8, so 3x = 3 × 8 = 24.

Question 148: Which of the following sentences uses a semicolon correctly?

He was tired; however, he continued working. (Correct answer)
I like apples; and oranges.
They left early; to catch the bus.
She studied hard; but failed the exam.

Correct answer: He was tired; however, he continued working.

A semicolon correctly joins two independent clauses, especially with a conjunctive adverb like 'however.'

Question 149: A recipe requires 2.5 cups of flour for 12 cookies. How many cups are needed for 30 cookies?

5.25 cups
7 cups
6.25 cups (Correct answer)
6 cups

Correct answer: 6.25 cups

Set up the proportion: 2.5/12 = x/30, so x = (2.5 × 30)/12 = 6.25 cups.

Question 150: A nurse needs to administer 1,500 mL of IV fluid over 10 hours. What is the hourly rate?

75 mL/hr
120 mL/hr
100 mL/hr
150 mL/hr (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 150 mL/hr

1,500 mL ÷ 10 hours = 150 mL per hour.

Question 151: A strong acid is which of the following?

HCl (Correct answer)
CH3COO-
OH-
CH3COOH

Correct answer: HCl

HCl (hydrochloric acid) is indeed a strong acid.

Question 152: Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

Myelin sheath
Synapse
Axon
Dendrites (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Dendrites

Dendrites are tree-like extensions that receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.

Question 153: If a patient's weight is 154 pounds, what is their weight in kilograms? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs)

70 kg (Correct answer)
60 kg
80 kg
75 kg

Correct answer: 70 kg

154 ÷ 2.2 = 70 kg.

Question 154: Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum (Correct answer)
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus

Correct answer: Cerebellum

The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance and posture.

Question 155: What is the pH of a neutral solution?

7 (Correct answer)
0
5
14

Correct answer: 7

A neutral solution, such as pure water, has a pH of 7; below 7 is acidic and above 7 is basic.

Question 156: What is the area of a rectangle with length 12 cm and width 7 cm?

84 cm² (Correct answer)
76 cm²
96 cm²
38 cm²

Correct answer: 84 cm²

Area of a rectangle = length × width = 12 × 7 = 84 cm².

Question 157: What is the chemical formula for water?

HO
H₂O (Correct answer)
OH₂
H₂O₂

Correct answer: H₂O

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, giving it the formula H₂O.

Question 158: Which sentence is grammatically correct?

Neither the doctor nor the nurses has been available.
Neither the doctor nor the nurses is available.
Neither the doctor nor the nurses were available. (Correct answer)
Neither the doctor nor the nurses was available.

Correct answer: Neither the doctor nor the nurses were available.

When using 'neither/nor,' the verb agrees with the subject closest to it; 'nurses' is plural, so 'were' is correct.

Question 159: What type of questions are included in the PAX Reading Comprehension section?

Arithmetic word problems
Passage-based questions testing understanding and inference (Correct answer)
Grammar and spelling only
Vocabulary matching and synonym tests

Correct answer: Passage-based questions testing understanding and inference

PAX reading comprehension tests the ability to understand, analyze, and draw inferences from written passages.

Question 160: Which macromolecule serves as the primary energy source for the body?

Lipids
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates (Correct answer)
Proteins

Correct answer: Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the body's preferred and most readily available source of energy.

NLN PAX (Pre-Admission Examination)

The NLN PAX is a standardized nursing school admission exam administered by the National League for Nursing, assessing candidates in Verbal Ability, Mathematics, and Science to predict success in nursing programs.

160

Questions

123 min

Time Limit

65%

To Pass

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Exam Rules

You can skip questions and return to them later
Flag questions for review before submitting
No feedback shown until you submit the entire exam
Unanswered questions count as wrong — answer everything
10 pretest questions are mixed in and don't affect your score
Timer auto-submits when time runs out
Your progress is auto-saved every 30 seconds

These practice questions were written with AI tools. They are not real exam questions. Exam facts are checked against the official sources listed below. Not reviewed by a subject-matter expert. Editorial policy

Sources & references

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