PAS Postural Deviations & Pathologies 2

Question 1

Which muscle group weakness is most commonly associated with anterior pelvic tilt?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus and abdominals

Answer

Anterior pelvic tilt results from weak gluteus maximus and abdominals (posterior stabilizers) combined with tight hip flexors and lumbar extensors.

Question 2

In Janda's Upper Crossed Syndrome, which muscles are characteristically tight?

Accepted Answer

Upper trapezius and pectorals

Answer

Upper Crossed Syndrome involves tightness in the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and pectorals, paired with weakness in the deep neck flexors and lower trapezius/serratus anterior.

Question 3

Lower Crossed Syndrome is characterized by tightness in which muscle group?

Accepted Answer

Hip flexors and lumbar extensors

Answer

Lower Crossed Syndrome involves tightness in the hip flexors and lumbar extensors paired with weakness in the abdominals and gluteals, driving anterior pelvic tilt.

Question 4

During Adam's forward bend test, which type of scoliosis does NOT correct as the patient flexes forward?

Accepted Answer

Structural scoliosis

Answer

Structural scoliosis has fixed vertebral rotation and does not reduce with forward bending, distinguishing it from flexible functional scoliosis.

Question 5

Hyperkyphosis in older adults is most commonly caused by which underlying condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures

Answer

In older adults, hyperkyphosis is frequently the result of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures causing anterior wedging of vertebral bodies.

(PAS) Postural Alignment Specialist Practice Test

(PAS) Postural Alignment Specialist Practice Test

PAS Postural Deviations & Pathologies 2