PAS Postural Deviations & Pathologies 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which muscle group weakness is most commonly associated with anterior pelvic tilt?
- Hip flexors and lumbar extensors
- Gluteus maximus and abdominals (Correct answer)
- Hip adductors and quadriceps
- Hamstrings and hip abductors
Correct answer: Gluteus maximus and abdominals
Anterior pelvic tilt results from weak gluteus maximus and abdominals (posterior stabilizers) combined with tight hip flexors and lumbar extensors.
Question 2: In Janda's Upper Crossed Syndrome, which muscles are characteristically tight?
- Deep neck flexors and serratus anterior
- Upper trapezius and pectorals (Correct answer)
- Rhomboids and lower trapezius
- Gluteus medius and hip abductors
Correct answer: Upper trapezius and pectorals
Upper Crossed Syndrome involves tightness in the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and pectorals, paired with weakness in the deep neck flexors and lower trapezius/serratus anterior.
Question 3: Lower Crossed Syndrome is characterized by tightness in which muscle group?
- Hamstrings and hip abductors
- Hip flexors and lumbar extensors (Correct answer)
- Gluteus maximus and abdominals
- Tibialis anterior and peroneals
Correct answer: Hip flexors and lumbar extensors
Lower Crossed Syndrome involves tightness in the hip flexors and lumbar extensors paired with weakness in the abdominals and gluteals, driving anterior pelvic tilt.
Question 4: During Adam's forward bend test, which type of scoliosis does NOT correct as the patient flexes forward?
- Functional scoliosis
- Structural scoliosis (Correct answer)
- Postural scoliosis
- Compensatory scoliosis
Correct answer: Structural scoliosis
Structural scoliosis has fixed vertebral rotation and does not reduce with forward bending, distinguishing it from flexible functional scoliosis.
Question 5: Hyperkyphosis in older adults is most commonly caused by which underlying condition?
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures (Correct answer)
- Herniated nucleus pulposus
- Piriformis syndrome
Correct answer: Osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures
In older adults, hyperkyphosis is frequently the result of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures causing anterior wedging of vertebral bodies.
Question 6: Which postural type is described as having exaggerated lumbar and cervical lordosis with a reduced thoracic kyphosis, creating an overly rigid upright appearance?
- Military posture (Correct answer)
- Swayback posture
- Kyphosis-lordosis posture
- Flatback posture
Correct answer: Military posture
Military posture involves exaggerated lumbar and cervical lordosis with reduced thoracic kyphosis, producing a stiff, overly erect stance.
Question 7: Leg length discrepancy most commonly leads to which postural compensation?
- Increased lumbar lordosis
- Lateral pelvic tilt and functional scoliosis (Correct answer)
- Increased thoracic kyphosis
- Forward head posture
Correct answer: Lateral pelvic tilt and functional scoliosis
Leg length discrepancy causes the pelvis to tilt laterally toward the shorter side, which can produce a compensatory functional scoliosis.
PAS Postural Deviations & Pathologies 2
Which muscle group weakness is most commonly associated with anterior pelvic tilt?