Anatomy & Physiology of Posture Flashcards

Which muscle is considered the primary hip flexor and plays a major role in anterior pelvic tilt?

Answer: Iliopsoas

The iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major) is the primary hip flexor and, when shortened, pulls the lumbar spine and pelvis into anterior tilt.

The thoracic spine normally exhibits which type of curvature in the sagittal plane?

Answer: Kyphosis

The thoracic spine has a normal kyphotic (posterior convex) curve averaging 20–40 degrees.

Which connective tissue structure runs along the posterior aspect of the spine and limits hyperextension?

Answer: Posterior longitudinal ligament

The posterior longitudinal ligament runs inside the vertebral canal along the posterior vertebral bodies, resisting hyperflexion and limiting disc herniation posteriorly.

A client presents with elevated and protracted scapulae. Which muscle pair is most likely overactive?

Answer: Upper trapezius and levator scapulae

Upper trapezius and levator scapulae elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula; chronic overactivity leads to a protracted, elevated position.

Which term describes the postural deviation where the head translates forward relative to the shoulders?

Answer: Forward head posture

Forward head posture occurs when the head translates anteriorly beyond the plumb line, increasing mechanical load on cervical extensors.

The piriformis muscle, when tight, can compress which nerve causing symptoms down the posterior leg?

Answer: Sciatic nerve

The sciatic nerve passes beneath (or through) the piriformis; piriformis tightness can compress it, producing piriformis syndrome with radiating posterior leg pain.

In a plumb-line assessment, a properly aligned knee joint should be positioned slightly:

Answer: At the same vertical line as the ear and ankle

In ideal sagittal alignment, the plumb line passes through the ear, shoulder, hip, knee, and lateral malleolus on the same vertical axis.