Parkinson's Parkinson's Surgery and Advanced Therapies

Question 1

What is the most widely used surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Answer

Pallidotomy

Answer

Thalamotomy

Answer

Stem cell transplant

Question 2

Which brain structure is most commonly targeted in DBS surgery for Parkinson's disease to address motor symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Subthalamic nucleus (STN)

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 3

DBS therapy requires the surgical implantation of which set of components?

Accepted Answer

Electrodes, extension wires, and an implanted pulse generator

Answer

Only electrodes placed in the brain

Answer

A drug reservoir and pump only

Answer

A cortical stimulator and EEG monitoring electrodes

Question 4

Which Parkinson's symptom typically shows the LEAST improvement with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Postural instability and gait freezing

Answer

Tremor

Answer

Rigidity

Answer

Bradykinesia

Question 5

A key requirement for DBS candidacy in Parkinson's disease is demonstrating which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A good motor response to levodopa

Answer

Age under 60 years

Answer

Absence of resting tremor

Answer

Parkinson's symptoms for less than 2 years

Question 6

MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) differs from DBS primarily because it:

Accepted Answer

Creates a permanent lesion without any surgical incisions

Answer

Requires implanted brain hardware

Answer

Is less effective for treating tremor

Answer

Can be reprogrammed after the procedure

Question 7

Which brain target is primarily used in MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) for Parkinson's disease tremor?

Accepted Answer

Ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus

Answer

Subthalamic nucleus

Answer

Globus pallidus internus

Answer

Caudate nucleus