PAPA Critical Thinking & Logical Reasoning Flashcards

Which term describes an argument that contains contradictory statements?

Answer: Contradiction

A contradiction exists when two statements within an argument cannot both be true at the same time.

The 'slippery slope' fallacy assumes that:

Answer: One small step will inevitably lead to extreme consequences

The slippery slope fallacy claims that one event will automatically trigger a chain of increasingly serious consequences.

When comparing two things to highlight a similarity, a writer is using:

Answer: Analogy

An analogy draws a comparison between two things to clarify or explain a concept through similarity.

Which type of evidence is generally considered most objective?

Answer: Empirical data from controlled studies

Empirical data from controlled studies is produced through systematic observation and experimentation, making it highly objective.

Distinguishing between fact and opinion requires identifying whether a statement:

Answer: Can be verified as true or false versus expressing a personal view

Facts can be objectively verified, while opinions express personal judgments or beliefs that may not be provable.

The purpose of a counterargument in persuasive writing is to:

Answer: Acknowledge opposing views and then refute them to strengthen the argument

Addressing counterarguments shows the writer has considered opposing views and strengthens credibility by refuting them.