PAPA PAPA Critical Thinking & Logical Reasoning 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
- Observing many cases to form a general rule
- Applying a general rule to reach a specific conclusion (Correct answer)
- Guessing an outcome based on intuition
- Listing possible explanations
Correct answer: Applying a general rule to reach a specific conclusion
Deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and applies it to reach a specific, logical conclusion.
Question 2: When an author presents only evidence that supports one side of an issue, this is called:
- Objectivity
- Bias (Correct answer)
- Citation
- Synthesis
Correct answer: Bias
Bias occurs when a writer presents information in a way that unfairly favors one perspective.
Question 3: Which type of reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations?
- Deductive
- Inductive (Correct answer)
- Circular
- Analogical
Correct answer: Inductive
Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to a broader general conclusion.
Question 4: A valid argument must have:
- True premises only
- A conclusion that logically follows from the premises (Correct answer)
- No counterarguments
- Popular support
Correct answer: A conclusion that logically follows from the premises
An argument is valid when its conclusion logically follows from its premises, regardless of whether those premises are true.
Question 5: Which of the following is an example of circular reasoning?
- The Bible is true because it says so in the Bible (Correct answer)
- Exercise is healthy because doctors recommend it
- Rain is wet because water is wet
- Plants grow because of sunlight
Correct answer: The Bible is true because it says so in the Bible
Circular reasoning uses the conclusion as a premise, as when a source is called reliable because it says it is.
Question 6: Evaluating the credibility of a source primarily involves checking:
- The source's popularity
- The author's expertise, evidence quality, and potential bias (Correct answer)
- The length of the source
- Whether the source agrees with your view
Correct answer: The author's expertise, evidence quality, and potential bias
Credibility depends on the author's qualifications, the quality of evidence provided, and any identifiable bias.
PAPA PAPA Critical Thinking & Logical Reasoning 2
Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?