PAM Treatment Protocols & Procedures 2

Question 1

When applying moist heat packs, what is the standard layering guideline to prevent burns?

Accepted Answer

6–8 layers of toweling between pack and skin

Answer

Six to eight layers of toweling (or equivalent insulation) are placed between the hydrocollator pack and skin to prevent thermal burns.

Question 2

A patient with Raynaud's phenomenon is referred for upper extremity pain. Which thermal modality is contraindicated?

Accepted Answer

Cold pack to the hand

Answer

Cold application is contraindicated in Raynaud's phenomenon because it triggers vasospasm and can worsen ischemia.

Question 3

During iontophoresis with dexamethasone, under which electrode is the medication placed?

Accepted Answer

Negative electrode (cathode), because dexamethasone carries a negative charge

Answer

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate carries a negative charge and is placed under the cathode (negative electrode) to be driven into tissue by like-charge repulsion.

Question 4

The recommended duty cycle for pulsed ultrasound intended to produce non-thermal (mechanical) effects is:

Accepted Answer

50% or less

Answer

A duty cycle of 50% or less (commonly 20%) allows tissue to cool between pulses, minimizing thermal effects and promoting non-thermal cavitation and streaming.

Question 5

Which parameter determines the depth of penetration for therapeutic ultrasound?

Accepted Answer

Frequency (MHz)

Answer

Frequency determines penetration depth: 1 MHz penetrates to 3–5 cm, while 3 MHz penetrates only 1–2 cm into tissue.

(PAM) Physical Agent Modalities Certification Practice Test

(PAM) Physical Agent Modalities Certification Practice Test

PAM Treatment Protocols & Procedures 2