PAM Electrotherapy Techniques 2

Question 1

Which waveform characteristic describes the direction of current flow in alternating current (AC) used in electrotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Current reverses direction periodically

Answer

Alternating current (AC) reverses direction of flow periodically, distinguishing it from direct current.

Question 2

A clinician uses iontophoresis to deliver dexamethasone for inflammation. Which electrode polarity should be used for this negatively charged drug?

Accepted Answer

Cathode (negative)

Answer

Negatively charged drugs are repelled from the cathode (negative electrode) and driven into tissue.

Question 3

What is the primary physiological effect of high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC) when used for wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Promotes galvanotaxis attracting fibroblasts and neutrophils

Answer

HVPC promotes galvanotaxis, attracting immune cells and fibroblasts to the wound site to accelerate healing.

Question 4

Interferential current (IFC) uses two medium-frequency currents that intersect to produce a beat frequency. What range does this beat frequency typically fall within?

Accepted Answer

10–150 Hz

Answer

The beat frequency of IFC typically ranges 10–150 Hz, which falls in the therapeutic low-frequency range for pain and muscle stimulation.

Question 5

During NMES application, a patient reports visible muscle fatigue after only 5 minutes. Which parameter adjustment would BEST reduce fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Decrease on:off duty cycle

Answer

Decreasing the on:off duty cycle (e.g., 1:5) allows more muscle rest time between contractions, reducing fatigue.

(PAM) Physical Agent Modalities Certification Practice Test

(PAM) Physical Agent Modalities Certification Practice Test

PAM Electrotherapy Techniques 2