PTCB Pharmacology #3 2

Question 1

What is the first-pass effect?

Accepted Answer

Extensive drug metabolism by the liver before systemic circulation after oral administration

Answer

The first-pass effect (hepatic first-pass metabolism) occurs when orally administered drugs are absorbed from the GI tract and pass through the portal circulation to the liver, where significant metabolism occurs before reaching systemic circulation.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a drug with significant first-pass metabolism that may require higher oral doses than parenteral doses?

Accepted Answer

Morphine

Answer

Morphine undergoes significant first-pass hepatic metabolism. The oral:IV ratio is approximately 3:1 — a 10 mg IV morphine dose equals approximately 30 mg oral morphine.

Question 3

Which drug class ends in the "-mab" suffix?

Accepted Answer

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer

Monoclonal antibodies end in "-mab" (adalimumab, trastuzumab, pembrolizumab, rituximab). "-nib" indicates small molecule kinase inhibitors; "-cept" indicates fusion proteins.

Question 4

Aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin) primarily cause which serious adverse effects?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Answer

Aminoglycosides are associated with nephrotoxicity (acute tubular necrosis) and ototoxicity (cochlear damage causing hearing loss, vestibular damage). Drug levels (trough) and renal function must be monitored.

Question 5

What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes pharmacologically?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 requires insulin; Type 2 can often be managed initially with oral agents

Answer

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells, requiring insulin replacement. Type 2 involves insulin resistance and relative deficiency, often managed initially with oral agents like metformin before insulin is added.

Pharmacy Practice Test

Pharmacy Practice Test

PTCB Pharmacology #3 2