NYC FREE NYC Civil Service Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Questions and Answers 2

Question 1

A city inspector notices that all three complaints filed this week involved restaurants on the same block. She concludes that there may be a shared environmental hazard causing the violations. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Answer

The inspector draws a general conclusion (shared hazard) from specific repeated observations, which is inductive reasoning.

Question 2

All NYC civil service employees must complete ethics training. Marcus is an NYC civil service employee. Therefore, Marcus must complete ethics training. What type of reasoning is this?

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning

Answer

This is a classic syllogism — a general rule applies to a specific case, making it deductive reasoning.

Question 3

A supervisor reviews 10 employee timesheets and finds that 9 of them contain errors in the overtime column. She concludes that the overtime calculation instructions may be unclear. This reasoning is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Inductive

Answer

Drawing a probable general conclusion from a pattern in specific cases is inductive reasoning.

Question 4

Study the pattern: 5, 10, 20, 40, ___. What is the next number?

Accepted Answer

80

Answer

Each number doubles the previous one, so 40 × 2 = 80.

Question 5

If no government contracts are awarded without competitive bidding, and Contract X was awarded without competitive bidding, what must be true?

Accepted Answer

Contract X was not a government contract

Answer

If all government contracts require competitive bidding and X lacked it, then X cannot be a government contract by definition.

NYC - Civil Service Exam Practice Test

NYC - Civil Service Exam Practice Test

NYC FREE NYC Civil Service Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Questions and Answers 2