MLPAO Basic Biology, Anatomy, and Physiology Questions and Answers 2

Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Mitochondria are the sites of oxidative phosphorylation, producing the majority of cellular ATP through the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle.

Question 2

In the ABO blood group system, a type B individual has which antigens and antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B antigens on RBCs and anti-A antibodies in serum

Answer

A type B individual has B antigens on their red blood cells and anti-A antibodies (isohemagglutinins) in their plasma, following Landsteiner's rule.

Question 3

What is the primary function of albumin in human plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of oncotic pressure and protein transport

Answer

Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and serves to maintain colloid oncotic pressure (preventing fluid from leaking out of blood vessels) and to transport various substances including hormones, drugs, and bilirubin.

Question 4

During aerobic respiration, what molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, combining with electrons and protons to form water (H₂O) at Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase).

Question 5

The nephron is the functional unit of which organ?

Accepted Answer

Kidney

Answer

The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons that filter blood, reabsorb nutrients, and produce urine.

MLPAO - Medical Laboratory Professionals Association of Ontario Practice Test

MLPAO - Medical Laboratory Professionals Association of Ontario Practice Test

MLPAO Basic Biology, Anatomy, and Physiology Questions and Answers 2