Medical Technologist Test Clinical Chemistry

Question 1

Which enzyme is the MOST sensitive and specific marker for acute myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Troponin I or T

Answer

Cardiac troponins (I and T) are the gold-standard biomarkers for myocardial injury due to their high cardiac specificity and sensitivity.

Question 2

What is the normal fasting blood glucose reference range for adults?

Accepted Answer

70–99 mg/dL

Answer

A fasting plasma glucose of 70–99 mg/dL is considered normal; 100–125 mg/dL indicates prediabetes.

Question 3

Elevated serum amylase and lipase are characteristic of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acute pancreatitis

Answer

Both amylase and lipase are pancreatic enzymes that rise significantly during acute pancreatitis; lipase is more specific.

Question 4

Which electrolyte imbalance is MOST likely in a patient with prolonged vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Prolonged vomiting causes loss of HCl from the stomach, leading to hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis.

Question 5

What does an elevated BUN-to-creatinine ratio (>20:1) typically indicate?

Accepted Answer

Prerenal azotemia

Answer

A BUN:Cr ratio >20:1 suggests prerenal causes (dehydration, low cardiac output) where urea reabsorption is disproportionately high.

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