Gaokao Exam Biology: Genetics and Evolution 3

Question 1

Which term describes two species living in the same area at the same time that can potentially interbreed?

Accepted Answer

Sympatric populations

Answer

Sympatric populations occupy the same geographic area simultaneously, allowing potential interbreeding.

Question 2

Which type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygote, such as AB blood type?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Answer

Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed simultaneously, as in AB blood type where both A and B antigens are present.

Question 3

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Answer

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 4

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

No natural selection

Answer

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires no natural selection, random mating, no mutation, no gene flow, and a large population.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration, often called the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Mitochondria perform aerobic respiration, generating the majority of the cell's ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

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