EEG - Electroencephalography Normal EEG Waveforms Questions and Answers

Question 1

An EEG recording of a relaxed, awake adult with eyes closed shows a prominent 8-13 Hz rhythm in the occipital regions. This rhythm attenuates with eye opening. Which of the following best identifies this waveform?

Accepted Answer

Alpha rhythm

Answer

The posterior dominant alpha rhythm is the hallmark of a normal, relaxed, awake adult EEG with eyes closed. It is characterized by its frequency of 8-13 Hz, posterior location (maximal in the occipital regions), and its attenuation or blocking with eye opening or mental effort.

Question 2

During a routine EEG on a 25-year-old patient, the technologist observes intermittent bursts of 7-11 Hz, arch-shaped waves over the central head regions (C3, C4, Cz). This activity disappears when the patient is asked to make a fist. What normal EEG variant is being described?

Accepted Answer

Mu rhythm

Answer

The Mu rhythm is a normal variant found in the alpha frequency range (typically 7-11 Hz) with a characteristic arch-like or comb shape. It is located over the central regions (sensorimotor cortex) and is uniquely blocked or attenuated by contralateral motor activity, the thought of movement, or tactile stimulation, but not by eye opening.

Question 3

A technologist is reviewing an EEG from an awake patient who was asked to scan a complex image. The recording shows bilateral, positive, sharply contoured waves in the occipital channels that occur only during the visual scanning task. These waveforms are most likely:

Accepted Answer

Lambda waves

Answer

Lambda waves are normal, waking phenomena that are time-locked to saccadic eye movements, such as those that occur during visual scanning or reading. They are characteristically positive in polarity, have a sharp or triangular shape, and are located in the occipital regions.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true regarding beta activity in a normal adult EEG?

Accepted Answer

It is often enhanced fronto-centrally by drowsiness or certain medications like benzodiazepines.

Answer

Beta activity (>13 Hz) is a normal rhythm, typically low in amplitude and most evident in the frontal and central regions. Its amplitude can be enhanced by a state of drowsiness or by the use of sedative-hypnotic drugs, such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates.

Question 5

In a healthy, awake adult, the presence of excessive, generalized, and persistent theta activity (4-7 Hz) would most likely be interpreted as:

Accepted Answer

Evidence of cerebral dysfunction.

Answer

While small amounts of theta activity can be normal, especially during drowsiness, excessive and persistent generalized theta activity in an awake adult is considered abnormal. It is a nonspecific indicator of generalized cerebral dysfunction or encephalopathy.

EEG - Electroencephalography Practice Test

EEG - Electroencephalography Practice Test

EEG - Electroencephalography Normal EEG Waveforms Questions and Answers