Cosmetology and Beauty Cosmetology and Beauty Chemical Treatments & Formulations

Question 1

What is the primary active ingredient in most permanent hair color formulas?

Accepted Answer

Paraphenylenediamine (PPD)

Answer

Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is the primary oxidative dye used in permanent hair color to produce long-lasting color results.

Question 2

Which chemical process raises the hair cuticle to allow color molecules to enter the cortex?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation with alkaline developer

Answer

An alkaline developer swells and raises the cuticle scales, allowing color molecules to penetrate into the cortex.

Question 3

What volume of hydrogen peroxide developer is typically used for a standard single-process permanent color application?

Accepted Answer

20 volume (6%)

Answer

20 volume (6%) developer is the standard choice for full gray coverage and natural-level deposits in permanent color.

Question 4

During a chemical relaxer service using sodium hydroxide (lye), what step is critical to stop the chemical action?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing with a normalizing shampoo

Answer

A neutralizing or normalizing shampoo restores the hair's pH and stops the chemical relaxing process after rinsing.

Question 5

What does the 'processing time' in a permanent wave service primarily depend on?

Accepted Answer

Hair porosity, texture, and the strength of the waving solution

Answer

Processing time for a perm is chiefly governed by the hair's porosity, its texture (coarse vs. fine), and the waving lotion's pH and strength.

Cosmetology and Beauty Practice Test