Cosmetology and Beauty Cosmetology and Beauty Chemical Treatments & Formulations

Question 1

What is the primary active ingredient in most permanent hair color formulas?

Accepted Answer

Paraphenylenediamine (PPD)

Answer

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer

Sodium hydroxide

Answer

Ammonium thioglycolate

Question 2

Which chemical process raises the hair cuticle to allow color molecules to enter the cortex?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation with alkaline developer

Answer

Neutralization

Answer

Reduction with ammonium thioglycolate

Answer

Chelation

Question 3

What volume of hydrogen peroxide developer is typically used for a standard single-process permanent color application?

Accepted Answer

20 volume (6%)

Answer

10 volume (3%)

Answer

30 volume (9%)

Answer

40 volume (12%)

Question 4

During a chemical relaxer service using sodium hydroxide (lye), what step is critical to stop the chemical action?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing with a normalizing shampoo

Answer

Applying a filler

Answer

Rinsing with cold water only

Answer

Applying a pre-softener

Question 5

What does the 'processing time' in a permanent wave service primarily depend on?

Accepted Answer

Hair porosity, texture, and the strength of the waving solution

Answer

The client's scalp sensitivity

Answer

The size of the perm rods used

Answer

The length of the hair

Question 6

Which ingredient in a no-lye relaxer replaces sodium hydroxide as the active straightening agent?

Accepted Answer

Guanidine hydroxide

Answer

Ammonium thioglycolate

Answer

Sodium lauryl sulfate

Answer

Potassium bromate