CARS CARS Ethical Reasoning and Decision Making

Question 1

A CARS passage presents an ethical dilemma where a doctor must choose between patient autonomy and preventing harm. Which ethical principle directly supports respecting a patient's right to refuse treatment?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Autonomy is the ethical principle that individuals have the right to make informed decisions about their own lives and medical care.

Question 2

In a CARS passage, an author argues that lying is always wrong regardless of consequences. This position most closely reflects which ethical framework?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Deontological ethics holds that certain actions are inherently right or wrong based on rules or duties, regardless of their outcomes.

Question 3

A CARS passage describes a utilitarian argument for a public health policy. What is the core principle of utilitarian reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Actions should maximize overall well-being or happiness for the greatest number of people

Answer

Utilitarianism evaluates the morality of an action based on its consequences, specifically whether it produces the greatest good for the greatest number.

Question 4

A CARS passage describes a situation where a journalist withholds a source's identity to prevent harm. Which ethical value is the journalist prioritizing?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality and protection of vulnerable individuals

Answer

The journalist is prioritizing the ethical duty to protect a source from potential harm by maintaining confidentiality.

Question 5

In a CARS passage, two characters disagree about whether whistleblowing on a corporation is ethical. Which consideration MOST strengthens the case for whistleblowing?

Accepted Answer

The corporation's actions cause significant harm to public health and safety

Answer

Whistleblowing is most ethically justified when it prevents serious harm to the public, aligning with principles of beneficence and justice.

(CARS) Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills Practice Test

(CARS) Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills Practice Test

CARS CARS Ethical Reasoning and Decision Making